Source contributions to multiple toxic potentials of atmospheric organic aerosols

Fushimi, Akihiro; Nakajima, Daisuke; Furuyama, Akiko; Suzuki, Go; Ito, Tomohiro; Sato, Kei; Fujitani, Yuji; Kondo, Yoshinori; Yoshino, Akira; Ramasamy, Sathiyamurthi; Schauer, James J.; Fu, Pingqing; Takahashi, Yoshiyuki; Saitoh, Katsumi; Saito, Shuji; Takami, Akinori

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145614

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The present study showed that SOA does not contribute to PM toxicity compared to, for example, biomass burning. Nevertheless, recent studies showed that urban SOA induced moderate effects in exposure assays [62,63,69,70]. On the other hand, risk assessment studies are in agreement with the main results of the present study, showing that ambient air pollution from biomass burning in rural-sub-urban sites represents a higher risk to develop lung cancer in humans throughout their life than pollutants that were measured in modern cities, such as Barcelona, with traffic as a dominant emission source [71].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, in the urban traffic station (Barcelona), the most toxic samples (18-12 and 22/12) were those that had a significant contribution of SOA combined with traffic related emission. One possibility is that the combination of SOA and combustion emissions results in a synergistic behavior that enhances the intrinsic toxicity of both aerosols types [62,63]. The toxicity of the PM extracts obtained in this study is very relevant, since the IC50 equivalent air volumes between 4.4 m 3 and 30 m 3 are within the range of the daily respiration volumes in humans.…”

Section: Pm Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 83%

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Source Apportionment and Toxicity of PM in Urban, Sub-Urban, and Rural Air Quality Network Stations in Catalonia

et al. 2021

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Air quality indicators, i.e., PM10, NO2, O3, benzo[a]pyrene, and several organic tracer compounds were evaluated in an urban traffic station, a sub-urban background station, and a rural background station of the air quality network in Catalonia (Spain) from summer to winter 2019. The main sources that contribute to the organic aerosol and PM toxicity were determined. Traffic-related air pollution dominated the air quality in the urban traffic station, while biomass burning in winter and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in summer impact the air quality in the sub-urban and rural background stations. Health risk assessment for chronic exposure over the past decade, using WHO air quality standards, showed that NO2, PM10 and benzo[a]pyrene from traffic emissions pose an unacceptable risk to the human population in the urban traffic station. PM10 and benzo[a]pyrene from biomass burning were unacceptably high in the sub-urban and rural background stations. Toxicity tests of the PM extracts with epithelial lung cells showed higher toxicity in wintertime samples in the sub-urban and rural stations, compared to the urban traffic station. These results require different mitigation strategies for urban and rural sites in order to improve the air quality. In urban areas, traffic emissions are still dominating the air quality, despite improvements in the last years, and may directly be responsible for part of the SOA and O3 levels in sub-urban and rural areas. In these later areas, air pollution from local biomass burning emissions are dominating the air quality, essentially in the colder period of the year.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Pm Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Source Apportionment and Toxicity of PM in Urban, Sub-Urban, and Rural Air Quality Network Stations in Catalonia

et al. 2021

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“… 33 , 35 , 36 , 85 , 86 Specifically, SOA has been reported to induce cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammatory cytokine production, and oxidative modification of RNA. 87 − 89 The toxicity of SOA could increase with increasing OS C . 37 , 90 Therefore, future studies on air cleaning technologies should not be limited to the inactivation of bioaerosol or reduction of particular VOCs, but should also evaluate potential OVOCs and SOA formation during their operation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Oxidized Gases and Secondary Organic Aerosol from a Commercial Oxidant-Generating Electronic Air Cleaner

Joo

Rivera-Rios

Alvarado-Velez

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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The COVID-19 pandemic increased the demand for indoor air cleaners. While some commercial electronic air cleaners can be effective in reducing primary pollutants and inactivating bioaerosol, studies on the formation of secondary products from oxidation chemistry during their use are limited. Here, we measured oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and the chemical composition of particles generated from a hydroxyl radical generator in an office. During operation, enhancements in OVOCs, especially low-molecular-weight organic acids, were detected. Rapid increases in particle number and mass concentrations were observed, corresponding to the formation of highly oxidized secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (O:C ∼ 1.3), with an enhanced signal at m / z 44 (CO 2 + ) in the organic mass spectra. These results suggest that organic acids generated during VOC oxidation contributed to particle nucleation and SOA formation. Nitrate, sulfate, and chloride also increased during the oxidation without a corresponding increase in ammonium, suggesting organic nitrate, organic sulfate, and organic chloride formation. As secondary species are reported to have detrimental health effects, further studies should not be limited to the inactivation of bioaerosol or reduction of particular VOCs, but should also evaluate potential OVOCs and SOA formation from electronic air cleaners in different indoor environments.

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“…24, 26, 27, 67, 68 Specifically, SOA has been reported to induce cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammatory cytokine production, and oxidative modification of RNA. 69-71 The toxicity of SOA could increase with increasing OS C . 28, 72 Therefore, future studies on air cleaning technologies should not be limited to the inactivation of bioaerosol or reduction of particular VOCs, but should also evaluate potential OVOCs and SOA formation during their operation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of oxidized gases and secondary organic aerosol from a commercial oxidant-generating electronic air cleaner

Joo¹,

Rivera-Rios

Alvarado-Velez

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Airborne virus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic increased the demand for indoor air cleaners. While some commercial electronic air cleaners could be effective in reducing primary pollutants and inactivating bioaerosol, studies on the formation of secondary products from oxidation chemistry during their use are limited. Here, we measured oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and the chemical composition of particles generated from a hydroxyl radical generator in an office. During operation, enhancements in OVOCs, especially low-molecular-weight organic and inorganic acids, were detected. Rapid increases in particle number and volume concentrations were observed, corresponding to the formation of highly-oxidized secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (O:C ~1.3). The organic mass spectra showed an enhanced signal at m/z 44 (CO2+) and the aerosol evolved with a slope of ~ -1 in the Van Krevelen diagram. These results suggest that organic acids generated during VOC oxidation contributed to particle nucleation and SOA formation. Nitrate, sulfate, and chloride also increased during the oxidation without a corresponding increase in ammonium, suggesting organic nitrate, organic sulfate, and organic chloride formation. As secondary species are reported to have detrimental health effects, further studies are needed to evaluate potential OVOCs and SOA formation from electronic air cleaners in different indoor environments.

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Source contributions to multiple toxic potentials of atmospheric organic aerosols

Cited by 32 publications

References 55 publications

Source Apportionment and Toxicity of PM in Urban, Sub-Urban, and Rural Air Quality Network Stations in Catalonia

Source Apportionment and Toxicity of PM in Urban, Sub-Urban, and Rural Air Quality Network Stations in Catalonia

Formation of Oxidized Gases and Secondary Organic Aerosol from a Commercial Oxidant-Generating Electronic Air Cleaner

Formation of oxidized gases and secondary organic aerosol from a commercial oxidant-generating electronic air cleaner

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