Source contributions of PAHs and toxicity in reed wetland soils of Liaohe estuary using a CMB–TEQ method

Combination of Unmix and positive matrix factorization model identifying contributions to carcinogenicity and mutagenicity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sources in Liaohe delta reed wetland soils, China

“…Liaohe delta, with approximately 800 km 2 reed field area, situated in the Liaoning province, China, is the largest reed wetland in the word (Li et al, 2014). The reed wetland contains rich biodiversity and is often considered to be an important habitat for bird migration.…”

“…Detailed discussions on concentration and distribution of PAHs were described in our prior work (Li et al, 2014). In brief, the total concentrations of sixteen PAHs in reed wetland soils ranged from 235 to 374 ng g À1 with an average of 287 ng g À1 .…”

“…(Jenkins et al, 1996;Pietzsch et al, 2010). Receptor models, including principal component analysis (PCA), positive matrix factorization (PMF), factor analysis with nonnegative constraints (FA-NNC), chemical mass balance (CMB) and Unmix model, etc., are frequently applied to identify the origin of PAHs (Henry 2003;Ravindra et al, 2006;Callén et al, 2009;Henry and Christensen, 2010;Zhang et al, 2012;Lang et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2013;Lang and Yang, 2014;Li et al, 2014). These models have shown good applicability in apportioning the PAHs sources, despite of the differences between these models.…”

“…Tian et al (2013) and Xu et al (2013) applied a single receptor model to estimate the source contributions to PAHs toxicities in sediments. In our prior work, a CMB-TEQ BaP method was established to identify the source contributions to carcinogenic potency of PAHs (Li et al, 2014). In this paper, a similar method was performed by combining two receptor models with the formula of TEQ BaP and MEQ BaP to quantitatively evaluate source contributions to carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of PAHs, which has not been reported in Liaohe delta reed wetlands.…”

Source Apportionment Coupled with Gas/Particle Partitioning Theory and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with Size-Segregated Airborne Particulate Matter

“…Gupta et al (2011) collected airborne PM with a five-stage airborne PM sampler and reported that PAHs was unimodal distributed among the five particle sizes while the stage in the smallest particle size had the highest concentrations of PAHs. There are also numbers of works devoted to the risk assessment of PAHs associated with airborne PM (Gerlofs-Nijland et al 2009;Jiang et al 2014;Li et al 2014;Pongpiachan et al 2015). The establishment and development of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (BaP eq ) along with toxic equivalence factors (TEFs) have contributed to the recognition of the carcinogenic properties of PAHs (Zhu et al 2014;Gao et al 2015).…”