Source, bioaccumulation, degradability and toxicity of triclosan in aquatic environments: A review

Dar, Owias Iqbal; Aslam, Raouf; Deng, Peilin; Sharma, Sunil; Andotra, Megha; Kaur, Arvinder; Jia, Ai‐Qun; Faggio, Caterina

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2021.102122

Cited by 89 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…In our previous studies (Sharma et al, 2021a;2021b), we observed a significant decline in protein content in the TCS exposed hatchlings and this directly supports the present observations. Similarly, altered intensity of amide A, amide I and amide II has also been reported in the TCS exposed embryos/larvae of four food fishes (Dar et al, 2022) and in liver, muscle, brain and kidney of arsenic exposed fingerlings of L. rohita (Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2008a;Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2008b;Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2009a;Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2009b). Increased area of the band at 1235-1237 cm −1 (phospholipids and amino acids) after exposure and its decline after recovery while decline in the band area at 1398-1401 cm −1 till the end of recovery clearly suggests that the fluctuations in the contents of fatty acids and amino acids in the hatchlings could have been for maintaining homeostasis or repair of wear and tear during stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…It can detect structural and functional alterations in biomolecules (protein, lipid and nucleic acids) and the results can be used to predict the possible effects of stressors on the vital functions of an organism (Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2008a). FT-IR has been successfully used to highlight changes in the biomolecules due to 17β-estradiol in the juveniles of rainbow trout (Cakmak et al, 2006), arsenic in the fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2008a;Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2008b;Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2009a;Palaniappan and Vijayasundaram, 2009b) and TCS in the embryos of four food fishes (Dar et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular, molecular and genomic alterations in the hatchlings of Labeo rohita after exposure to Triclosan

Sharma

Dar

Andotra

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Triclosan 5-chloro-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (TCS) is widely used as a biocide in human and veterinary medicines, personal care products and household articles. To obtain biomarkers for the acute stress of Triclosan, the hatchlings of Labeo rohita were exposed for 96 h to 0.06, 0.067 and 0.097 mg/L TCS. Morphological deformities, cell viability, frequency of micronucleated and aberrant cells, transcriptomic and biomolecular alterations were recorded after exposure and a depuration period of 10 days. The exposed hatchlings had a pointed head, curved trunk, lean body, deformed caudal fin, haemorrhage, hypopigmentation and tissue degeneration at 0.067 and 0.097 mg/L only. The frequency of viable cells declined but that of necrotic, apoptotic, micronucleated and abnormal cells increased (p ≤ 0.01) in a concentration dependent manner after exposure as well as the depuration period. After recovery, the frequency of viable and micronucleated cells increased, but that of necrotic, apoptotic, and aberrant cells declined in comparison to their respective 96 h values. The mRNA level of HSP47, HSP70, HSc71 and α-tropomyosin increased (p ≤ 0.01), while that of HSP60, HSP90, DHPR, myosin light polypeptide 3, desmin b and lamin b1 declined (p ≤ 0.01) after exposure. Ten days post exposure, a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) over control was observed in the expression of all the heat shock and cytoskeletal genes and the values (except for HSc71) were higher than the respective 96 h values also. Infrared spectra showed that band area of amide A, amide I, amide II and phospholipids increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) but peak intensity of lipid, glycogen and nucleic acids decreased after exposure. After recovery, area of the peaks for most of the biomolecules [except lipids (2924–2925, 1455–1457 cm−1) and glycogen (1163–1165 cm−1)] declined significantly over control and 96 h values. Collectively these changes seem to be responsible not only for the onset of paralysis but also for the concentration dependent increase in larval and cellular abnormalities as well as no/sporadic swimming movement in exposed hatchlings. It is evident that HSP60, HSc71, HSP90, α-tropomyosin and DHPR were strongly affected but DHPR can be used as the most sensitive marker for the toxicity of TCS. This is the first study reporting effect of TCS on the selected heat shock and cytoskeletal genes in a single model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular, molecular and genomic alterations in the hatchlings of Labeo rohita after exposure to Triclosan

Sharma

Dar

Andotra

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Recently, a great variability in the half-life and degradation kinetics has been demonstrated depending on the nature of medium, availability of light, initial concentration, and other factors. For example, in drinking water it has been reported to be 41 min, in salt water 4 d, in fresh water 8 d, and in water sediment from 120 to 540 d [ 34 ]. As an organochloride compound, TCS is sensitive to photodegradation and its photolytic half-life has been reported to vary from 41 min in sunlight to 39.8–55.99 d in darkness [ 108 ].…”

Section: Absorption Distribution Metabolism and Excretion (Adme) Prop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is classified among emerging pollutants (Eps), also known as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) [ 33 ]. Significant concentrations of TCS have been detected in different aquatic organisms [ 34 ]. The main absorption pathways for TCS are skin and oral absorption [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles

et al. 2022

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Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has been widely used in personal care products, medical products, plastic cutting boards, and food storage containers. Colgate Total® toothpaste, containing 10 mM TCS, is effective in controlling biofilm formation and maintaining gingival health. Given its broad usage, TCS is present ubiquitously in the environment. Given its strong lipophilicity and accumulation ability in organisms, it is potentially harmful to biohealth. Several reports suggest the toxicity of this compound, which is inserted in the class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In September 2016, TCS was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union in soap products. Despite these problems, its application in personal care products within certain limits is still allowed. Today, it is still unclear whether TCS is truly toxic to mammals and the adverse effects of continuous, long-term, and low concentration exposure remain unknown. Indeed, some recent reports suggest the use of TCS as a repositioned drug for cancer treatment and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this scenario it is necessary to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of TCS, to understand whether its use is advisable or not. This review intends to highlight the pros and cons that are associated with the use of TCS in humans.

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“…In the era of industrial agriculture, agrochemicals have become a global necessity to increase the productivity of crops and elds (Vajargah et al, 2013). As a result, one of the biggest problems we face is pollution from chemicals used in the agricultural industry, which have a strong impact on the aquatic ecosystem (Dar et al 2022; Curpan et al 2022) (Vajargah et al 2021). Among the most widely used pesticides (Blahova et al 2020) of the past centuries, glyphosate certainly stands out due to its massive use in recent times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does glyphosate cause acute toxicity to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)?

Impellitteri

Faggio

Azadikhah

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Nowadays, glyphosate, and its commercial formulation (Roundup 41% SL, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germania), is the most widely used broad-spectrum herbicide in industrial agriculture for weed control. The massive use of this substance also affects aquatic ecosystems and water organisms around the world. The potential toxic effects of glyphosate on aquatic specimens should worry us. Indeed, animals such as grass carp are part of the human food chain, so exposure to glyphosate may cause environmental damage and harm human health. In this study, the effect of acute 96h exposure of the commercial formulation of glyphosate (Roundup) on blood biochemical indices of grass carp (Ctenopharhyngoden idella) was evaluated. Three different concentrations of glyphosate were chosen for exposure to three groups of 21 animals each. The lowest was 50mg.L-1, the intermediate concentration was 100mg.L-1, and the highest concentration was 150mg.L-1. The toxicity of the pollutant was tested using lethal concentrations and determining the LC50 (lethal concentrations for 50% of fish). Histopathological damage to the gills and liver was also evaluated, as well as the survival rate of the fish. Results showed severe gill and liver damage, with necrosis, leukocyte infiltration, hyperplasia and hypertrophy, in the group exposed to the highest concentration of glyphosate (150 mg.L-1). Many biochemical changes were also observed, confirming the toxicity hypothesized at the start of the study.

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Source, bioaccumulation, degradability and toxicity of triclosan in aquatic environments: A review

Cited by 89 publications

References 180 publications

Cellular, molecular and genomic alterations in the hatchlings of Labeo rohita after exposure to Triclosan

Cellular, molecular and genomic alterations in the hatchlings of Labeo rohita after exposure to Triclosan

Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles

Does glyphosate cause acute toxicity to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)?

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