Source Apportionment of Urban Ammonia and its Contribution to Secondary Particle Formation in a Mid-size European City

Ehrnsperger, Laura; Klemm, Otto

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2020.07.0404

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Ag/AgCl ISEs have been shown to provide high selectivity for chlorides allowing for their application to measurements on concrete despite the high content of other ions that might interfere with the measurement. , In our study, the effect of potentially interfering ions resulting from the environmental exposition of concrete to urban areas was further evaluated in the case of our experimental device. Carbonates/bicarbonates and sulfates were selected as species that likely adsorb on concrete constructions as a consequence of the carbonation phenomenon and of corrosive agents from atmospheric particulate in polluted urban areas. − As shown in Figure C, the presence of 10 –1 M of these agents, added to the KCl working solution, did not significantly affect the potentiometric signal, confirming the reliability of the device’s analytical response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Vertical-Flow Paper Sensor for On-Site and Prompt Evaluation of Chloride Contamination in Concrete Structures

et al. 2021

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Corrosion occurring in reinforced concrete has turned into a primary concern of the current century, concrete being the most ubiquitous and predominant material used in the construction industry. Among the many interrelated processes that trigger corrosion of metallic reinforcements, the penetration of chloride ions into the concrete matrix is the most insidious threat. Herein, we developed the first electrochemical device entirely made of paper that allows for the direct, prompt, and noninvasive evaluation of free chloride ion contamination in concrete-based constructions. Our device is based on a three-layer wax-modified filter paper, consisting of two Ag/AgCl screen-printed electrodes that are interfaced by a junction pad in a sandwich-like configuration. Filter paper allows for generating a vertical-flow potentiometric device capable of measuring the electrochemical potential between two solutions containing different concentrations of chloride ions, which are separately drop-cast on the top and bottom layers. After demonstrating the analytical performance of the device, the same principle was applied to the evaluation of the chloride contents in different concrete samples, exploiting paper as a suitable interfacing material for potentiometric measurements on the cement solid surface. Laboratory-prepared concrete samples with known chloride contents were first assessed, and then, the paper-based verticalflow device was applied to real concrete structures at the Giacomo ManzùMuseum (Ardea, Italy) for the evaluation of chloride contamination caused by the proximity to the seaside. The capability of our device to provide timely warning of the risk conditions of concrete-based artifacts was demonstrated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Vertical-Flow Paper Sensor for On-Site and Prompt Evaluation of Chloride Contamination in Concrete Structures

et al. 2021

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“…Besides, N manure was exceeds 50% (Kang et al, 2016). The spatial pattern of NH4 + level was in good agreement with the NH3 concentration because NH4 + was often generated from the reaction of NH3 with SO2 and NO2 (Ehrnsperger and Klemm, 2021).…”

Section: The Spatial Patterns Of Nitrogen Reactive Componentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Global estimates of reactive nitrogen components during 2000–2100 based on the multi-stage model

Li,

Gao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. High contents of reactive nitrogen components aggravate air pollution and could also impact ecosystem structure and function across the terrestrial-aquatic-marine continuum. However, the long-term historical trends and future prediction of reactive nitrogen components at the global scale still remains high uncertainties. In our study, the field observations, satellite products, model output, and many other covariates were integrated into the machine-learning model to capture the global patterns of reactive nitrogen components during 2000–2019. In order to decrease the estimate uncertainties in the future scenarios, the constructed reactive nitrogen component dataset during the historical period was then utilized as the constraint to calibrate the CMIP6 dataset in four scenarios. The results suggested the cross-validation (CV) R2 values of four species showed satisfied performance (R2 > 0.55). The concentrations of estimated reactive nitrogen components in China experienced persistent increases during 2000–2013, while they suffered from drastic decreases since 2013 except NH3. It might be associated with the impact of clean air policy. However, these compounds in Europe and the United States remained relatively stable since 2000. In the future scenarios, SSP3-7.0 (traditional energy scenario) and SSP1-2.6 (carbon neutrality scenario) showed the highest and lowest reactive nitrogen component concentrations, respectively. Although the reactive nitrogen concentrations in some heavy-pollution scenarios (SSP3-7.0) also experienced decreases during 2020–2100, SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 (middle emission scenario) still kept more rapid decreasing trends. Our results emphasize the need for carbon-neutrality pathway to reduce global atmospheric N pollution.

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“…. [52][53][54][55][56]. To better understand the road traffic influence, the biomass combustion influence on ammonia concentrations has also been studied.…”

Section: Traffic Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Road Traffic and Its Influence on Urban Ammonia Concentrations (France)

Chatain

Chretien

Crunaire³

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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Ammonia (NH3) is an unregulated atmospheric gaseous pollutant in ambient air, involved in the formation of fine particles. Ammonia is therefore a major precursor of particulate matter (PM), the health effects of which have been widely demonstrated. NH3 emissions are clearly dominated by the agricultural sector (livestock and fertilizers), but other sources may also be important and less studied, such as road traffic with the increased use of catalytic converters in vehicles. This study is based on a long-term real-time measurements campaign (December 2019–September 2021) on two urban sites: a background site and a roadside site in the same agglomeration in France. The study of historical measurements at the background site clearly demonstrated the dominance of agriculture on the ammonia concentrations. This influence was also observed at both sites during the measurement campaign. The annual and monthly averages obtained in the study were similar to previous ones, with concentrations between 1–10 µg/m3 at both sites, indicating lower levels than previous studies for the roadside site. The ammonia levels measured during the campaign at the traffic site were significantly higher than those measured at the background site, highlighting the road traffic influence on ammonia in urban area. The biomass burning influence also seemed to be observed during this long measurement campaign at the agglomeration scale. The influences of road traffic and biomass burning on ammonia concentration remain small compared to agriculture.

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Source Apportionment of Urban Ammonia and its Contribution to Secondary Particle Formation in a Mid-size European City

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Vertical-Flow Paper Sensor for On-Site and Prompt Evaluation of Chloride Contamination in Concrete Structures

Vertical-Flow Paper Sensor for On-Site and Prompt Evaluation of Chloride Contamination in Concrete Structures

Global estimates of reactive nitrogen components during 2000–2100 based on the multi-stage model

Road Traffic and Its Influence on Urban Ammonia Concentrations (France)

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