Source apportionment of SPM by positive matrix factorization and PM_2.5 analysis in an urban industrial area

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to monitor suspended particulate matter (SPM), PM2.5 and source apportionment study for the identification of possible sources during the year 2018–2019 at Raipur, India. Design/methodology/approach Source apportionment study was performed using a multivariate receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMFv5.0) with a view to identify the various possible sources of particulate matter in the area. Back-trajectory analysis was also performed using NOAA-HYSPLIT model to understand the origin and trans-boundary movement of air mass over the sampling location. Findings Daily average SPM and PM2.5 aerosols mass concentration was found to be 377.19 ± 157.24 µg/m³ and 126.39 ± 37.77 µg/m³ respectively. SPM and PM2.5 mass concentrations showed distinct seasonal cycle; SPM – (Winter ; 377.19 ±157.25 µg/m?) > (Summer; 283.57 ±93.18 µg/m?) > (Monsoon; 33.20 ±16.32 µg/m?) and PM2.5 – (Winter; 126.39±37.77 µg/m³) > (Summer; 75.92±12.28 µg/m³). Source apportionment model (PMF) have been applied and identified five major sources contributing the pollution; steel production and industry (68%), vehicular and re-suspended road dust (10.1%), heavy oil combustion (10.1%), tire wear and brake wear/abrasion (8%) and crustal/Earth crust (3.7%). Industrial activities have been identified as major contributing factor for air quality degradation in the region. Practical implications Chemical characterization of aerosols and identification of possible sources will be helpful in abatement of pollution and framing mitigating strategies. It will also help in standardization of global climate model. Originality/value The findings provide valuable results to be considered for controlling air pollution in the region.

Exploring temporal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 and their association with meteorological data in Raipur, Chhattisgarh

“…Aerosols are the mixture of solid and/or liquid atoms in the environment, which are generated by a variety of natural and anthropogenic activities, including industrial emissions, power stations, burning of biomass, automobile emissions, forest fires, refuse burning, volcanic eruptions, and marine salt sprays, among others. In 2018, 97 percent of cities in low and middle-income nations failed to fulfil WHO air quality guiding principles (www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities/en/), indicating a serious problem [2]. In light of the aforementioned consequence, numerous researchers have investigated the particulate concentration and seasonal deviation of atmospheric aerosols in the India [3 ,4], specifically in central India, and concluded that PM2.5-10 is emitted primarily due to soil particle re-suspension and PM2.5 emits majorly from anthropogenic activities [5].…”