Source apportionment of PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in a north-western Europe regional urban background site (Lens, France) using positive matrix factorization and including primary biogenic emissions

Waked, Antoine; Favez, Olivier; Alleman, L.; Piot, C.; Petit, Jean-Eudes; Delaunay, T.; Verlinden, E.; Golly, B.; Besombes, Jean-Luc; Jaffrezo, Jeań Luc; Leoz-Garziandia, Eva

doi:10.5194/acp-14-3325-2014

Cited by 233 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The benefit of such approach was previously described Waked et al, 2014;Srivastava et al, 2017). In our case, we included hopanes (thereafter 25 named HOP), methoxyphenols, polyols (sum of mannitol, arabitol and sorbitol), levoglucosan and MSA (methane sulfonic acid).…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC), using a Sunset instrument and the EUSAAR2 protocol (Aymoz et al, 2004;Cavalli et al, 2016); -inorganic elements (Al, Fe, Ti, As, Ba Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, V, Zn and Zr) using ICP-MS (Waked et al, 2014);…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-sugar alcohols (arabitol, sorbitol, and mannitol, also called polyols) and anhydrous monosaccharides (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan) using an HPLC-PAD method (Waked et al, 2014);…”

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confidence: 99%

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An apportionment method for the Oxydative Potential to the atmospheric PM sources: application to a one-year study in Chamonix, France

Weber

Uzu

Calas

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Inhaled aerosolized particulate matter (PM) induces cellular oxidative stress in vivo leads to adverse health outcomes.The oxidative potential (OP) of PM appears to be a more relevant proxy of the health impact of the aerosol rather than the total mass concentration. However, the relative contributions of the aerosol sources to the OP are still poorly known. In order to better quantify the impact of different PM sources, we sampled aerosols in a French city for one year (year 2014, 115 samples).A coupled analysis with detailed chemical speciation (more than 100 species, including organic and carbonaceous compounds, 5 ions, metals and Aethalometer measurements) and two OP assays (ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitiol (DTT)) in a simulated lung fluid (SLF) were performed in these samples. We developed in this study a new statistical model using a coupled approach with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and multiple linear regression to attribute a redox-activity to PM sources. Our results highlight the importance of the biomass burning and vehicular sources to explain the observed OP for both assays. In general, we see a different contribution of the sources when considering the OP AA, OP DTT or the mass of the PM 10 . Moreover, 10 significant differences are observed between the DTT and AA tests which emphasized chemical specificities of the two tests and the need of a standardized approach for the future studies on epidemiology or toxicology of the PM.

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Section: Source Apportionment Of Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An apportionment method for the Oxydative Potential to the atmospheric PM sources: application to a one-year study in Chamonix, France

Weber

Uzu

Calas

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, in order to consider air parcels with a good representativity, a weighing function has been implemented to remove high CF uncertainties usually linked with low n ij values. The method implemented in ZeFir was based on a "trajectory density" log n ij + 1 (Bressi et al, 2014;Waked et al, 2014). Indeed, weighing function is empirically determined as…”

Section: Identification Of Potential Regional Emission Areas Using Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and variability in volatile organic compounds observed at an Eastern Mediterranean background site (Cyprus)

et al. 2017

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Abstract. More than 7000 atmospheric measurements of over 60 C 2 −C 16 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted at a background site in Cyprus during a 1-month intensive field campaign held in March 2015. This exhaustive dataset consisted of primary anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs, including a wide range of source-specific tracers, and oxygenated VOCs (with various origins) that were measured online by flame ionization detection-gas chromatography and proton transfer mass spectrometry. Online submicron aerosol chemical composition was performed in parallel using an aerosol mass spectrometer. This study presents the high temporal variability in VOCs and their associated sources. A preliminary analysis of their time series was performed on the basis of independent tracers (NO, CO, black carbon), meteorological data and the clustering of air mass trajectories. Biogenic compounds were mainly attributed to a local origin and showed compound-specific diurnal cycles such as a daily maximum for isoprene and a nighttime maximum for monoterpenes. Anthropogenic VOCs as well as oxygenated VOCs displayed higher mixing ratios under the influence of continental air masses (i.e., western Asia), indicating that long-range transport significantly contributed to the VOC levels in the area. Source apportionment was then conducted on a database of 20 VOCs (or grouped VOCs) using a source receptor model. The positive matrix factorization and concentration field analyses were hence conducted to identify and characterize covariation factors of VOCs that were representative of primary emissions as well as chemical transformation processes. A six-factor PMF solution was selected, namely two primary biogenic factors (relative contribution of 43 % to the total mass of VOCs) for different types of emitting vegetation; three anthropogenic factors (shortlived combustion source, evaporative sources, industrial and evaporative sources; 21 % all together), identified as being either of local origin or from more distant emission zones (i.e., the south coast of Turkey); and a last factor (36 %) associated with regional background pollution (air masses transported both from the Western and Eastern Mediterranean regions). One of the two biogenic and the regional background factors were found to be the largest contributors to the VOC concentrations observed at our sampling site. Finally, a combined analysis of VOC PMF factors with source-apportioned organic aerosols (OAs) helped to better distinguish between anthropogenic and biogenic influences on the aerosol and gas phase compositions. The highest OA concentrations were observed when the site was influenced by air masses rich in Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11356C. Debevec et al.: Volatile organic compounds at an Eastern Mediterranean background site semi-volatile OA (less oxidized aerosols) originating from the southwest of Asia, in contrast with OA factor contributions associated with the remaining source regions. A reinforcement of sec...

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“…We calculated the PSCF on the basis of 5 × 5 • grid cells. To account for bad statistics in grid cells with a low trajectory density, a weighting function according to Waked et al (2014) was applied. The spatial distribution of the PSCF of N CN is mapped in Fig.…”

Section: Pscf Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of aerosol and CCN properties in the Mackenzie River delta (Canadian Arctic) during spring–summer transition in May 2014

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Within the framework of the RACEPAC (Radiation-Aerosol-Cloud Experiment in the Arctic Circle) project, the Arctic aerosol, arriving at a ground-based station in Tuktoyaktuk (Mackenzie River delta area, Canada), was characterized during a period of 3 weeks in May 2014. Basic meteorological parameters and particle number size distributions (PNSDs) were observed and two distinct types of air masses were found. One type were typical Arctic haze air masses, termed accumulation-type air masses, characterized by a monomodal PNSD with a pronounced accumulation mode at sizes above 100 nm. These air masses were observed during a period when back trajectories indicate an air mass origin in the north-east of Canada. The other air mass type is characterized by a bimodal PNSD with a clear minimum around 90 nm and with an Aitken mode consisting of freshly formed aerosol particles. Back trajectories indicate that these air masses, termed Aitken-type air masses, originated from the North Pacific. In addition, the application of the PSCF receptor model shows that air masses with their origin in active fire areas in central Canada and Siberia, in areas of industrial anthropogenic pollution (Norilsk and Prudhoe Bay Oil Field) and the north-west Pacific have enhanced total particle number concentrations (N CN ). Generally, N CN ranged from 20 to 500 cm −3 , while cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations were found to cover a range from less than 10 up to 250 cm −3 for a supersaturation (SS) between 0.1 and 0.7 %. The hygroscopicity parameter κ of the CCN was determined to be 0.23 on average and variations in κ were largely attributed to measurement uncertainties.Furthermore, simultaneous PNSD measurements at the ground station and on the Polar 6 research aircraft were performed. We found a good agreement of ground-based PNSDs with those measured between 200 and 1200 m. During two of the four overflights, particle number concentrations at 3000 m were found to be up to 20 times higher than those measured below 2000 m; for one of these two flights, PNSDs measured above 2000 m showed a different shape than those measured at lower altitudes. This is indicative of long-range transport from lower latitudes into the Arctic that can advect aerosol from different regions in different heights.

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Source apportionment of PM<sub>10</sub> in a north-western Europe regional urban background site (Lens, France) using positive matrix factorization and including primary biogenic emissions

Cited by 233 publications

References 100 publications

An apportionment method for the Oxydative Potential to the atmospheric PM sources: application to a one-year study in Chamonix, France

An apportionment method for the Oxydative Potential to the atmospheric PM sources: application to a one-year study in Chamonix, France

Origin and variability in volatile organic compounds observed at an Eastern Mediterranean background site (Cyprus)

Measurements of aerosol and CCN properties in the Mackenzie River delta (Canadian Arctic) during spring–summer transition in May 2014

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