Source apportionment, contamination levels, and spatial prediction of potentially toxic elements in selected soils of the Czech Republic

Agyeman, Prince Chapman; Ahado, Samuel; John, Kingsley; Kebonye, Ndiye Michael; Biney, James Kobina Mensah; Borůvka, Luboš; Vašát, Radim; Kočárek, Martin

doi:10.1007/s10653-020-00743-8

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…As has been earlier reported, the concentration of Fe in the soil solution at optimal soil pH falls between 30 and 550 μg L −1 , but in high acid soils, it may exceed 2000 μg L −1 [ 68 ]. Higher concentrations of the PTEs were found in this study area relative to the neighboring regions in the country [ 3 ]. In comparison with the European value [ 10 ], the world value [ 10 ], and the Crati Basin value [ 69 ], the contents of Pb in both the organic soil and the mineral soil were higher.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…All of the PTEs showed relatively high variability in both soil horizons except for the Fe (46.31%) in the organic soil. The spatial distribution of the heterogeneity of the PTEs suggest that the metals are enriched by intensive sources of from the industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural sectors [ 3 , 5 , 13 ]. However, the content of the PTEs varies between the soil horizons, yet the organic soil had higher mean values across the metals, excluding Mn.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional information on the procedures, methods, and formulas used in this study for determining the soil or site contamination level through the PMF model was followed as specified by [ 55 , 62 ] and as applied by [ 3 , 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of PTEs in soil has been attracting reasonable attention because of their ecological and biological risks. Several studies in different biomes have been performed to identify the sources of PTEs in the soils [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to develop reliable policies for a sustainable soil safety for an area, it is important to have good information on the soil and its contamination level. In recent years, several analyses including statistical, geostatistical, geo-accumulation index, multivariate and modeling, as well as potential ecological risk index analyses have been proposed and applied to investigate the source, degree, and spatiotemporal state of PTE pollution in the soil [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 12 , 14 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. As reported by some authors, an assessment of the contents and distribution of PTEs in soil requires intensive and robust sampling to investigate the soil conditions under distinct soil types [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Assessing the Spatial and Vertical Distributions of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and How the Concentrations Differ

Ahado

Nwaogu

Sarkodie

et al. 2021

Toxics

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A healthy soil is a healthy ecosystem because humans, animals, plants, and water highly depend upon it. Soil pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a serious concern for humankind. The study is aimed at (i) assessing the concentrations of PTEs in soils under a long-term heavily industrialized region for coal and textiles, (ii) modeling and mapping the spatial and vertical distributions of PTEs using a GIS-based ordinary kriging technique, and (iii) identifying the possible sources of these PTEs in the Jizerské Mountains (Jizera Mts.) using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Four hundred and forty-two (442) soil samples were analyzed by applying the aqua regia method. To assess the PTE contents, the level of pollution, and the distribution pattern in soil, the contamination factor (CF) and the pollution load index load (PLI) were applied. ArcGIS-based ordinary kriging interpolation was used for the spatial analysis of PTEs. The results of the analysis revealed that the variation in the coefficient (CV) of PTEs in the organic soil was highest in Cr (96.36%), followed by Cu (54.94%) and Pb (49.40%). On the other hand, the mineral soil had Cu (96.88%), Cr (66.70%), and Pb (64.48%) as the highest in CV. The PTEs in both the organic soil and the mineral soil revealed a high heterogeneous variability. Though the study area lies within the “Black Triangle”, which is a historic industrial site in Central Europe, this result did not show a substantial influence of the contamination of PTEs in the area. In spite of the rate of pollution in this area being very low based on the findings, there may be a need for intermittent assessment of the soil. This helps to curtail any excessive accumulation and escalation in future. The results may serve as baseline information for pollution assessment. It might support policy-developers in sustainable farming and forestry for the health of an ecosystem towards food security, forest safety, as well as animal and human welfare.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%