Source apportionment and health impact assessment of atmospheric particulate matter in the city of São Carlos, Brazil

Impacto da queima de biomassa na concentração de compostos policíclicos aromáticos e na toxicidade >i<in vitro>/i< do material particulado atmosférico de Ribeirão Preto-SP

“…The concentrations of ΣPAH found for all the fractions were similar to those observed in PM 10 collected in the city of São Carlos from 2015 to 2018 (annual means between 0.98 and 2.03 ng m − 3 ; Carvalho et al, 2023), as well as in PM 2.5 collected in Araraquara in 2014 (average of Fig. 2.…”

“…These results suggested that the observed seasonality was mainly influenced by rain, relative humidity, and biomass burning in the region. Since the burning occurred more frequently during the dry season, it led to higher emissions to the atmosphere, aggravated by the low removal of particlebound PAHs by wet deposition, as observed in other tropical Brazilian cities (Carvalho et al, 2023;. Only in the southern region of Brazil, where the climate is temperate, could higher concentrations of PAHs during winter be explained by lower temperatures and lower boundary layer heights that prevented the dispersion of pollutants (Agudelo-Castañeda and Teixeira, 2014).…”

“…(1:3 v/v), solventes tradicionais de extração de açúcares, e o procedimento foi realizado de acordo com Carvalho et al (2023).…”

“…Hexane (950 μL) was added to the derivatized extract, the mixture was homogenized, and 1 μL was injected into the GC-MS system. The chromatographic parameters for the anhydrosugars determination were as described by Carvalho et al (2023).…”

“…Após a reação, hexano (950 µL) foi adicionado ao extrato derivado, a mistura foi homogeneizada, e 1 µL foi injetado no sistema CG-EM. Os parâmetros cromatográficos para esta análise foram os descritos porCarvalho et al (2023).…”