Source appointment of nitrogen in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; based on bulk δ&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N signatures and a Bayesian isotope mixing model

Wang, Yanli; Liu, Xueyan; Song, Weihua; Yang, Wen; Han, Bin; Dou, Xiankang; Zhao, Xudong; Song, Zhaoliang; Liu, Cong‐Qiang; Zhang, Bai

doi:10.1080/16000889.2017.1299672

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Sampling during summertime, oxidation of NO 2 through OH was expected to be the dominant pathway of nitrate formation, in accordance with observations from the subtropics (Hastings et al, 2003). However, our results highlight that N 2 O 5 hydrolysis can be an almost equally important process as the oxidization of NO 2 with OH with regards to the NO − 3 formation in cloud water (Wang et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Isotope-based Assessment Of the Sources And Formation Of Nitsupporting

confidence: 90%

Isotopic constraints on the atmospheric sources and formation of nitrogenous species in clouds influenced by biomass burning

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Predicting tropospheric cloud formation and subsequent nutrient deposition relies on understanding the sources and processes affecting aerosol constituents of the atmosphere that are preserved in cloud water. However, this challenge is difficult to address quantitatively based on the sole use of bulk chemical properties. Nitrogenous aerosols, mainly ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-), play a particularly important role in tropospheric cloud formation. While dry and wet (mainly rainfall) deposition of NH4+ and NO3- are regularly assessed, cloud water deposition is often underappreciated. Here we collected cloud water samples at the summit of Mt. Tai (1545 m above sea level) in eastern China during a long-lasting biomass burning (BB) event and simultaneously measured for the first time the isotopic compositions (mean ±1σ) of cloud water nitrogen species (δ15N-NH4+ = −6.53 ‰ ± 4.96 ‰, δ15N-NO3- = −2.35 ‰ ± 2.00 ‰, δ18O-NO3- = 57.80 ‰ ± 4.23 ‰), allowing insights into their sources and potential transformation mechanism within the clouds. Large contributions of BB to the cloud water NH4+ (32.9 % ± 4.6 %) and NO3- (28.2 % ± 2.7 %) inventories were confirmed through a Bayesian isotopic mixing model, coupled with our newly developed computational quantum chemistry module. Despite an overall reduction in total anthropogenic NOx emission due to effective emission control actions and stricter emission standards for vehicles, the observed cloud δ15N-NO3- values suggest that NOx emissions from transportation may have exceeded emissions from coal combustion. δ18O-NO3- values imply that the reaction of OH with NO2 is the dominant pathway of NO3- formation (57 % ± 11 %), yet the contribution of heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide was almost as important (43 % ± 11 %). Although the limited sample set used here results in a relatively large uncertainty with regards to the origin of cloud-associated nitrogen deposition, the high concentrations of inorganic nitrogen imply that clouds represent an important source of nitrogen, especially for nitrogen-limited ecosystems in remote areas. Further simultaneous and long-term sampling of aerosol, rainfall, and cloud water is vital for understanding the anthropogenic influence on nitrogen deposition in the study region.

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Section: Isotope-based Assessment Of the Sources And Formation Of Nitsupporting

confidence: 90%

Isotopic constraints on the atmospheric sources and formation of nitrogenous species in clouds influenced by biomass burning

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Moreover, there was no significant correlation between moss δ 15 N and NH 4 + /NO 3 − when using all the data (Figure 3(g) More positive δ 15 N values were observed in urban mosses in the YRD (−3.41‰ to −1.58‰), which is similar to that of urban Changsha in China (−6.75‰ to 1.94‰) (Xiao et al 2010b) and the center of the Ferrara municipality in Italy (−5.27‰ to 1.62‰) (Gerdol et al 2002). Many previous monitoring-based studies have indicated that the main source of atmospheric N deposition is fossil fuel combustion and vehicle emissions in urban areas (Wang et al 2017). Furthermore, Pearson et al (2000) found a very good correlation between moss δ 15 N and traffic exposure, where the average δ 15 N of moss near busy urban roads is +3.66‰ (−1‰ to +6‰).…”

Section: Moss δ 15 N For Indicating Main Sources Of Atmospheric N Depsupporting

confidence: 70%

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Yangtze River Delta: insights gained from the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of the moss Haplocladium microphyllum

Chen

Huang

Fan

et al. 2019

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters

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Simple and inexpensive estimation of the rates and sources of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is critical for its effective mitigation in a region with different land-use types. In this study, the N content and N isotopic composition (δ 15 N) of moss (Haplocladium microphyllum) tissues and precipitation at six sites with three land-use types (urban, suburban, and rural) were measured in the Yangtze River Delta. A significant linear relationship between moss N content and wet N deposition, and a consistent decrease trend for moss N content and wet N deposition from urban to suburban to rural areas were observed. More negative δ 15 N of suburban and rural mosses indicated N mainly released from agriculture and effluent, while the less negative δ 15 N of urban mosses were mainly influenced by fossil fuel combustion and traffic emissions. Although the negative moss δ 15 N indicates that reduced N dominates wet N deposition, there was no significant correlation between moss δ 15 N and the ratio of ammonium to nitrate (NH 4 + /NO 3 −). These results reveal that the moss N content and δ 15 N can be used as a complementary tool for estimating the rates and sources of wet N deposition in a region with different land-use types. 石生苔藓能指示长三角大气氮湿沉降量及其来源吗？摘要简单有效地估算大气氮沉降量及其来源至关重要。本研究同时收集长三角市区, 郊区, 农村的雨水和附近的石生细叶小羽藓，分析苔藓氮含量与氮湿沉降量以及苔藓和雨水的氮同位素 (δ 15 N)。结果显示：苔藓氮含量与氮湿沉降量显著相关，均呈市区>郊区>农村趋势。苔藓 δ 15 N表明郊区和农村大气氮湿沉降主要来自农业和人畜废水释放，而市区还受煤炭燃烧和机动车排放影响。该研究表明石生苔藓氮含量和δ 15 N能用来指示长三角大气氮湿沉降量及其来源，以弥补传统氮沉降监测数据的缺乏和费时费力的缺点。 ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…For instance, the sum contributions of several sources to one or several components measured in a sample or some samples collected for a period of time can be defined as a value or range. Once developed, this will provide a powerful tool for using PMF to apportion PM 2.5 to sources, because knowledge on the sources of not only carbon-containing matter but also nitrogen- and sulfur-containing matter, in PM 2.5 determined by their respective stable isotope measurements can be considered a priori information to constrain PMF models 10 – 12 , 24 , 25 . Nitrogen-, sulfur-, and carbon-containing matter account for the majority of PM 2.5 mass concentrations 18 , 26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Positive Matrix Factorization and Radiocarbon Measurements for Source Apportionment of PM2.5 from a National Background Site in North China

Wang

Zong

Tian

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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To explore the utility of combining positive matrix factorization (PMF) with radiocarbon (14C) measurements for source apportionment, we applied PM2.5 data collected for 14 months at a national background station in North China to PMF models. The solutions were compared to 14C results of four seasonally averaged samples and three outlier samples. Comparing the most readily interpretable PMF solutions and 14C results revealed that PMF modeling was well able to capture the source patterns of PM2.5 with two and three irrelevant source classifications for the seasonal and outlier samples. The contribution of sources that could not be classified as either fossil or non-fossil sources in the PMF solution, and the errors between the modeled and measured concentrations weakened the effectiveness of the comparison. Based on these two factors, we developed an index for selecting the most suitable 14C measurement samples for combining with the PMF model. Then we examined the potential for coupling PMF modeling and 14C data with a constrained PMF run using the 14C data as a priori information. The restricted run could provide a more reliable solution; however, the PMF model must provide a flexible dialog to input the priori restrictions for executing the constraint simulation.

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Source appointment of nitrogen in PM<sub>2.5</sub> based on bulk δ<sup>15</sup>N signatures and a Bayesian isotope mixing model

Cited by 38 publications

References 66 publications

Isotopic constraints on the atmospheric sources and formation of nitrogenous species in clouds influenced by biomass burning

Isotopic constraints on the atmospheric sources and formation of nitrogenous species in clouds influenced by biomass burning

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Yangtze River Delta: insights gained from the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of the moss Haplocladium microphyllum

Combining Positive Matrix Factorization and Radiocarbon Measurements for Source Apportionment of PM2.5 from a National Background Site in North China

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