Source and General Properties of Humic Acids from Lignitic Materials.

Frost, C.M.; Hoeppner, J. J.; Fowkes, W.W.

doi:10.1021/je60002a018

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…13 In another study, Frost et al also tested acetone to water at a 3 : 1 ratio and found that humic acids can be soluble at this proportion. 10 Other researchers tested multiple solvents including ethylenediamine, pyridine, sulpholane, dimethylformamide, and EDTA, but none of them performed as well as NaOH in the IHSS extraction method. 14 While several researchers showed that organic solvents can be used to replace basic/acidic extractions for obtaining humic acids, organic solvents still suffer from lower yield, prohibitive cost, and complex extraction procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Frost et al reported their findings on the extraction steps of humic acids from coal and leonardite using several alkalis where the yielded humic acids contain less ash. 10 In 1981, the International Humic Substance Society (IHSS) published the standardized procedure for humic acid extraction. 11 This publication contained guidelines on testing soils and coal for humic acids with a procedure similar to the one developed by Frost et al 9 This method is still used today as the main procedure for extracting and quantifying humic acids for testing soils and producing humic acids commercially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of humic and fulvic acid analogs through the ultrasonication of low-rank lignite coals

Al-Akbari,

Manasrah,

Nassar

2024

React. Chem. Eng.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of humic and fulvic acid analogs through the ultrasonication of low-rank lignite coals

Al-Akbari,

Manasrah,

Nassar

2024

React. Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Drilling Fluids

Clark¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Drilling fluids (muds) play a vital role in the drilling of oil and gas wells. These muds are typically complex chemical mixtures formulated to perform a variety of functions under a wide range of down hole temperatures and pressures but yet are nondamaging to the environment and safe for personnel to handle. These fluids are circulated down the hollow drill string and up the annulus, formed by the drill string and the hole to remove formation material dislodged by the bit. The fluids must have sufficient density to offset formation pressures to prevent a blowout and to maintain a stable well bore but be formulated to prevent excessive loss of fluid to permeable formations. Other important functions include lubrication of the drill bit and drill string, collection of information about subsurface formations, and noncorrosivity to surface and down hole equipment. Drilling fluids are composed of liquids (water, petroleum oils, and other organic liquids), dissolved inorganic and organic additives, and suspended, finely divided solids of various types. The article describes drilling fluid classification, properties, materials, testing, economics, and environmental considerations.

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Drilling Fluids

Ukeles¹,

Grinbaum²

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Drilling fluids (muds) play a vital role in the drilling of oil and gas wells. These muds are typically complex chemical mixtures formulated to perform a variety of functions under a wide range of down hole temperatures and pressures, but yet are nondamaging to the environment and safe for personnel to handle. These fluids are circulated down the hollow drill string and up the annulus, formed by the drill string and the hole to remove formation material dislodged by the bit. The fluids must have sufficient density to offset formation pressures to prevent a blowout and to maintain a stable well bore, but be formulated to prevent excessive loss of fluid to permeable formations. Other important functions include lubrication of the drill bit and drill string, collection of information about subsurface formations, and noncorrosivity to surface and down hole equipment. Drilling fluids are composed of liquids (water, petroleum oils, and other organic liquids, eg, synthetic brine fluids), dissolved inorganic and organic additives, and suspended, finely divided solids of various types. This article describes drilling fluid classification, properties, materials used as drilling fluid additives, testing, economics, and an update on current environmental restrictions on drilling fluids/muds in the North Sea and in the Gulf of Mexico. A detailed section has been devoted to clear brine drilling fluids (CBFs) that are used in completion and workover operations. Also presented is a selection of new and recent drilling fluid formulations from the patent literature.

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Source and General Properties of Humic Acids from Lignitic Materials.

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Production of humic and fulvic acid analogs through the ultrasonication of low-rank lignite coals

Production of humic and fulvic acid analogs through the ultrasonication of low-rank lignite coals

Drilling Fluids

Drilling Fluids

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