Sounds of the Neighborhood: False Memories and the Structure of the Phonological Lexicon

Westbury, Chris; Buchanan, Lori; Brown, Norman

doi:10.1006/jmla.2001.2821

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Confusion following competition would be especially pronounced for words that share their beginnings if word onsets play a special role in access to the phonological lexicon. This is suggested by three phenomena in word access: tip-of-the-tongue data (Brown & McNeill, 1966), aphasic naming of pictures that share the CV beginnings of their names (Laine & Martin, 1996), and false recognition of phonological lures in the context of phonologically similar lists (Westbury et al, 2002). Pseudowords are potential words but lack preexisting representations in long-term memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Finnish, the stressed first syllable of the word appears to have a special status as an identifier. Recent evidence from a false recognition paradigm with English CVC words suggests that shared word beginnings (in this case Cs or CVs) are more deceptive than shared word endings (in this case VCs) (Westbury et al, 2002). It would be economical to assume that the phonological buffer uses similar identification cues as episodic word access.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third experiment contrasted redundancy at the beginnings of words with redundancy at the ends of words. The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (Brown & McNeill, 1966;Caramazza & Miozzo, 1997) and results of a false memory paradigm (Westbury et al, 2002) both suggest that the beginnings of words may have a special status in accessing phonological forms in long-term memory. Cuing by the initial sounds in a word is also a standard way of aiding word retrieval in patients with naming difficulties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study using the false memory paradigm has also provided some evidence that the initial two phonemes of CVC words have a special status. They played a prominent role in predicting false memories for unpresented items with this structure (Westbury, Buchanan, & Brown, 2002). In our experiments, we asked whether phonological redundancy in three-syllable pseudowords could obliterate the recall advantage for short two-syllable stimuli and whether this depended on the syllabic position of the redundancy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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All parts of an item are not equal: Effects of phonological redundancy on immediate recall

Maury

2003

Memory & Cognition

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The process of redintegration is thought to use top-down knowledge to repair partly damaged memory traces. We explored redintegration in the immediate recall of lists from a limited pool of partly phonologically redundant pseudowords. In Experiment 1, four kinds of stimuli were created by adding the syllable /ne/ to two-syllablepseudowords, either to the middle (/tepa/ vs. /tenepa/) or to the end (/tepane/), or adding a different syllable to each item (/tepalo/, /vuropi/). The repeated syllable was thought to be available for redintegration. Lists of two-syllable pseudowords were recalled best, items with a redundant end were intermediate,and items with a redundant middle-syllable were as hard as nonredundant three-syllableitems. In Experiment 2, the last syllable was predictable from context but not shared between all stimuli, reducing phonological similaritybetween items. Performance did not differ from the situation with identical last syllables. In Experiment 3, a shared first syllable had a detrimental effect on memory. An error analysis showed that beneficial redundancy effects were accompanied by harmful similarity effects, impairing memory for nonredundant syllables. The balance between the two effects depended on syllable position.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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All parts of an item are not equal: Effects of phonological redundancy on immediate recall

Maury

2003

Memory & Cognition

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“…Studies have reported that both children and adults are more likely to detect mispronunciations that occur early in words than those occurring late, suggesting that more attention is paid to word onsets than to later syllables (Cole, Jakimik, & Cooper, 1978;Walley, 1987; but see Cole & Perfetti, 1980;van Donselaar, 1996). Similarly, Westbury, Buchanan, and Brown (2002) reported more false alarms in a memory task for CVC words that matched studied items in their initial CV than for words that matched in their final VC. They suggested that lexical "activation spreads in a serial manner, with more emphasis on the beginning of the word than on the end" (p. 637).…”

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confidence: 91%

Do postonset segments define a lexical neighborhood?

2005

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A number of studies have demonstrated neighborhood effects in spoken word recognition (Goldinger, Luce, & Pisoni, 1989;Luce, Pisoni, & Goldinger, 1990). The neighborhood effect refers to the finding that perception of a word (or a nonsense word) is affected by the number and frequency of occurrence of similar-sounding words in the language. For example, Luce and Pisoni (1998) found that words that are similar to many words in the language (e.g., cat, kit, pat, and cap) are responded to more slowly than words with fewer neighbors, in both lexical decision and naming tasks. Goldinger et al. (1989) demonstrated similar effects in a priming task, and Cluff and found that identification performance for spondees (two-syllable words composed of two monosyllabic words, such as baseball) was influenced by the size of the neighborhood for each syllable. Finally, Vitevitch and Luce (1999) demonstrated neighborhood effects in same-different matching and in semantic categorization (animate vs. inanimate), showing that these effects occur even in tasks that do not focus attention on the sound pattern of the words.Newman, Sawusch, and Luce (1997) demonstrated that neighborhoods also play a role in phonetic perception.Their study was modeled after experiments by Ganong (1980), in which the lexical effect was examined. The lexical effect refers to the finding that perception of an ambiguous phonetic segment is affected by the lexical status of the syllable in which that segment occurs. Ganong presented listeners with pairs of voice onset time (VOT) continua, such that only one endpoint in each continuum constituted a real word in English. For example, one pair of continua included items ranging from the word beef to the nonword peef and from the nonword beace to the word peace. Listeners were more likely to label the ambiguous items in the middle of the two series as a real word. Thus, an item ambiguous between b and p would be labeled as a b in the beef to peef series, but as a p in the beace to peace series. Newman et al. (1997) demonstrated a similar effect of lexical neighborhood. They used pairs of series in which none of the four endpoints were real words but one endpoint of each pair was similar to a greater number of real words in the language. For example, one pair of series included items ranging from gice to kice and gipe to kipe, where gice is similar to more words than is kice and kipe is similar to more words than is gipe. Listeners classified ambiguous items as being whichever endpoint made them similar to more actual words in English.The results in Newman et al. (1997) clearly demonstrate that lexical neighborhoods can influence phoneme perception. However, the precise nature of how the lexicon exerts this influence is still unclear. Most important, it is not entirely clear what constitutes the set of words that influence phoneme perception. Newman et al. (1997) followed the one-phoneme change rule described by Luce (1987), in which all words that differ from the target word by the addition, deletion, or substit...

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Dissociative effects of phonological vs. semantic associates on recognition memory in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott paradigm

Tse

Neill

2011

Acta Psychologica

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Sounds of the Neighborhood: False Memories and the Structure of the Phonological Lexicon

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

All parts of an item are not equal: Effects of phonological redundancy on immediate recall

All parts of an item are not equal: Effects of phonological redundancy on immediate recall

Do postonset segments define a lexical neighborhood?

Dissociative effects of phonological vs. semantic associates on recognition memory in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott paradigm

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