Sound source location modulates the irrelevant-sound effect

Buchner, Axel; Bell, Raoul; Rothermund, Klaus; Wentura, Dirk

doi:10.3758/mc.36.3.617

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore, they exhibit difficulties in accounting for the effects of office noise (Bell & Buchner, 2007;Schlittmeier & Hellbrü ck, 2009) and nonspeech environmental sounds (Buchner et al, 2008) on serial recall performance. The sounds used in these studies were comparable to the classroom noise used here, in that they consisted of a montage of acoustical events from different sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The irrelevant sound effect in short-term memory: Is there developmental change?

Klatte

Lachmann

Schlittmeier

et al. 2010

European Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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With two experiments, effects of irrelevant speech and classroom noise on serial recall of common nouns presented pictorially were investigated in children and adults. Experiment 1 used fixed list lengths for children (first graders) and adults. Experiment 2 used list lengths adjusted to participants' (secondÁthird graders, adults) individual spans. In both experiments, children and adults were equally impaired by irrelevant speech. This contrasts with a related study (differences in methodology) by Elliott (2002), who reported severe increase in the detrimental impact of irrelevant speech with decreasing age. In both experiments, classroom noise had no effect in overall analyses. For Experiment 1, however, separate group analyses revealed impairment in children. Results suggest that effects of irrelevant sounds on serial recall stem from two separate mechanisms: Specific interference due to the sounds' automatic access to short-term memory, and/or attention capture. Only for the latter there is developmental change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Span was defined as the highest list length for which the individual participant recalled at least one of three sequences correctly (cf. Buchner et al, 2008, andElliott, 2002).…”

Section: Design and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The irrelevant sound effect in short-term memory: Is there developmental change?

Klatte

Lachmann

Schlittmeier

et al. 2010

European Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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“…A position could be omitted by pressing the correspondingly labelled button on the keyboard, as a consequence of which a hyphen replaced the question mark. As in many irrelevant-sound experiments, including our own previous ones (Bell & Buchner, 2007;Buchner et al, 2008;Buchner & Erdfelder, 2005;Buchner et al, 1996;Buchner et al, 2004), participants were allowed to correct their responses using the arrow keys to move to an arbitrary position and to replace any prior entry. Note that participants were nevertheless required to recall items in forward order, because they had to replace the first question mark with a digit or a "don't know" response before they were allowed to continue with replacing the second question mark, and so on.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, empirical evidence has emerged in support of the embedded-processes model and an attentional interpretation of the auditory distractor effect (Bell et al, 2010;Bell et al, 2011;Buchner et al, 2008;Buchner & Erdfelder, 2005;Buchner et al, 2006;Buchner et al, 2004;Chein & Fiez, 2010). For instance, Buchner et al (2006) showed that nonwords that were associated with negative valence in a game context and were later used as auditory distractors caused more disruption of serial recall performance than did neutral nonwords.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Elliott (2002) suggested that two broad classes of theories of the auditory distractor effect can be distinguished, depending on whether or not they assume that attention plays a role in the short-term maintenance of information (Buchner, Bell, Rothermund, & Wentura, 2008;Buchner & Erdfelder, 2005;Buchner, Mehl, Rothermund, & Wentura, 2006;Buchner et al, 2004;Lange, 2005). Within both the modular working memory model (Baddeley & Logie, 1999) and the object-oriented episodic record (O-OER) model (Jones, 1993), the auditory distractor effect is explained by assuming that the auditory distractors have automatic access to the representational structure used for the maintenance of the items to be remembered, without a specified role for attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The role of habituation and attentional orienting in the disruption of short-term memory performance

et al. 2011

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A series of experiments explored habituation and dishabituation to repeated auditory distractors. Participants memorised lists of visually presented items in silence or while ignoring continuously presented auditory distractors. No habituation could be observed, in that the size of the auditory distractor effect did not decrease during the experiment. However, there was evidence for attentional orienting when novel auditory material was presented after a long period of repetitive stimulation, in that a change of distractors was associated with a temporary decrease in recall performance. The results are most consistent with theoretical accounts that claim that the auditory distractor effect is caused primarily by automatic interference, but that still allow attention to play a limited role in the short-term maintenance of information.

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Disruption of writing by background speech: Does sound source location and number of voices matter?

Poll

Sjödin

Nilsson

2018

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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This suggests that the magnitude of the effect will diminish ---This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Appl Cognit Psychol. 2019;33:537-543.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/acp 537 accordingly as the distance between the location of the distractor and the location of the focal task increases.The role of sound source location is of interest for the architecture and design of work environments, like open-plan offices, as employees can be exposed to background speech coming from different and multiple directions. That makes it relevant to apply the principles of cross-modal attention on a task more relevant for office work, that is, writing. One of the purposes of the present study was to explore the role of sound source location in the effects of background speech on an office-related task (ie, writing). Based on the findings by Buchner et al. (2008) and Spence et al. (2000), we expected that irrelevant speech from the front would be more distracting compared with irrelevant speech from behind, especially for speech with high intelligibility.

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Sound source location modulates the irrelevant-sound effect

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

The irrelevant sound effect in short-term memory: Is there developmental change?

The irrelevant sound effect in short-term memory: Is there developmental change?

The role of habituation and attentional orienting in the disruption of short-term memory performance

Disruption of writing by background speech: Does sound source location and number of voices matter?

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