Sound source location by arrival-times on a non-rigid three-dimensional hydrophone array

Watkins, William A.; Schevill, William E.

doi:10.1016/0011-7471(72)90061-7

Cited by 87 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Tracking of fish movements in the forebay was based on differences in time-of-arrival data for each tag from four hydrophones, as required to solve three-dimensional (3D) source location (Watkins and Schevill 1972;Foy 1976;Spiesberger and Fristrup 1990;Wahlberg et al 2001). If more than four 2.15 hydrophones detected the same tag signal, the four with the best geometric configuration for 3D tracking were then selected (Wahlberg et al 2001;Ehgrenberg and Steig 2002).…”

Section: A Detection Event Was Initiated When the Time Interval Betwementioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Rates of Juvenile Salmonids Passing Through the Bonneville Dam and Spillway in 2008

Ploskey¹,

Weiland²,

Faber³

et al. 2009

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In 2008, the Portland District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) contracted with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to conduct an acoustic telemetry study to estimate the survival rates of juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead passing through Bonneville Dam (BON) and its spillway. Of particular interest was the relative survival rate of smolts detected passing through end spill bays 1-3 and 16-18, which had deep flow deflectors immediately downstream of spill gates, versus the survival rate of smolts passing through middle spill bays 4-15, which had shallow flow deflectors.Yearling Chinook salmon (YC), steelhead (STH), and fall Chinook salmon (FC) longer than 95 mm were collected from routine smolt monitoring samples at John Day Dam (JDA) and held overnight before surgery so that they were not overly stressed. Smolts longer than 95 mm were surgically implanted with Juvenile Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and held another night to allow time for fish to recover from surgery. Fish tagged the previous day were released by a PNNL team three times per day (morning, midday, and night) in the JDA pool near Arlington, Oregon, and about 2.5 km below JDA in spring and summer. The team also released FC about 3 km below The Dalles Dam (TDA) in summer. Releases of live JSATS-tagged smolts in the Columbia River upstream of BON totaled 3431 YC and 3430 STH in spring. In summer, 5909 FC were released upstream of BON. Releases were spread out over 28 consecutive days (April 29 through May 27) during spring and over 29 consecutive days (June 15 through July 13) in summer. All of the "treatment" fish released above BON had the opportunity to be detected and regrouped by a BON forebay entrance array of autonomous nodes or by dam-face arrays at the BON spillway (this study) or BON Powerhouse 2 (B2) ) before they passed the BON project. An array is a group of underwater listening devices deployed to detect acoustic tags in fish passing through a forebay or an entire cross section of the river above or below a dam. Non-spillway passage routes were assigned based on detections of PIT tags in the B2 Corner Collector (B2CC) and B2 Juvenile Bypass System (B2 JBS) and acoustic detections on a cabled JSATS array in the B2 forebay (from Faber et al. 2009). Routes of spillway passage included end bays 1-3 and 16-18 with deep flow deflectors downstream of spill gates and middle bays 4-15 with shallow flow deflectors. Powerhouse 1 was not monitored.A National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) team released 826 live and 50 dead tagged YC in spring and 1020 live and 52 dead tagged FC smolts in summer into the downstream end of the BON tailrace near the USACE boat launch three times per day (about 0600, 1300, and 2100 hours PST) to serve as reference releases (controls) for virtual releases of treatment fish from upstream of the dam. Reference releases were made daily from April 30 through June 2 and from June 16 through July 22. The NMFS team also released 826 live YC and 1020...

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Section: A Detection Event Was Initiated When the Time Interval Betwementioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Rates of Juvenile Salmonids Passing Through the Bonneville Dam and Spillway in 2008

Ploskey¹,

Weiland²,

Faber³

et al. 2009

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show abstract

“…Examples of more extreme cases of this are illustrated by Watkins and Schevill, 1972. It became evident, therefore, that a comparison of the sound as a whole was necesspry for consistent results.…”

Section: Sound Arrival Time Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Experimentation established that a practical limit in the maximum dimensions of such a hydrophone array that could be used at sea was the overall length of the ship (Watkins and Schevill, 1972). The minimum size of the array depended on the potential resolution of the sounds during recept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed study of the effect of error in these measurements during both calibration and location procedures emphasized the requirements for accuracy and consistency (Watkins and Schevill, 1972). As a result of these studies, refinements in the measurement procedures have evolved, and with this effort toward greater accuracy has come a marked reduction in the scatter of the location measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer Measurement of Biological Sound Source Locations from Four-Hydrophone Array Data

Watkins¹

1974

Self Cite

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“…This acoustic potential to non-intrusively detect and monitor cetacean species in their environment gave rise to passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) techniques, for which research is very active (review by Mellinger et al, 2007) as reveals the series of biennale international workshops dedicated to this rapidly evolving field since 2003 (Desharnais, 2004;Adam, 2006;Moretti et al, 2008;Pavan, 2009). Localizing whales from their sounds in their habitats was initiated by Watkins and Schevill (1972) in the 1970s. This was rapidly applied to tracking whales over large distances (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening to the Deep: Live monitoring of ocean noise and cetacean acoustic signals

André

Schaar

Zaugg

et al. 2011

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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a b s t r a c tThe development and broad use of passive acoustic monitoring techniques have the potential to help assessing the large-scale influence of artificial noise on marine organisms and ecosystems. Deep-sea observatories have the potential to play a key role in understanding these recent acoustic changes. LIDO (Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment) is an international project that is allowing the real-time longterm monitoring of marine ambient noise as well as marine mammal sounds at cabled and standalone observatories. Here, we present the overall development of the project and the use of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) techniques to provide the scientific community with real-time data at large spatial and temporal scales. Special attention is given to the extraction and identification of high frequency cetacean echolocation signals given the relevance of detecting target species, e.g. beaked whales, in mitigation processes, e.g. during military exercises.

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Sound source location by arrival-times on a non-rigid three-dimensional hydrophone array

Cited by 87 publications

References 4 publications

Survival Rates of Juvenile Salmonids Passing Through the Bonneville Dam and Spillway in 2008

Survival Rates of Juvenile Salmonids Passing Through the Bonneville Dam and Spillway in 2008

Computer Measurement of Biological Sound Source Locations from Four-Hydrophone Array Data

Listening to the Deep: Live monitoring of ocean noise and cetacean acoustic signals

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