Sound propagation in liquid metals

Smith, Rick; Webber, G.M.B.; Young, F. Ronald; Stephens, R.W.B.

doi:10.1080/00018736700101625

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These surfaces had unequal cross sections due to the stepped-cylindrical geometry of the horn. A piezoceramic tube, attached by epoxy to the wider end face of the horn, excited ultrasonic waves at about 22 kHz and allowed a free optical access to the immersed face of the horn . The acoustic pressure level was determined by the technique described in ref and reached 0.8 MPa at the maximum output power of the amplifier.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sonoluminescence is directly related to the collapse phase of inertial cavitation events, and this phase of the bubble dynamics is dominated by the density of the liquid phase; mercury and galinstan are from 7 to 13 times heavier than water, making these fluids an interesting subject for cavitation luminescence investigations. However, despite the renewed interest in high intensity cavitation in “exotic” liquids, such as molten salts, eutectic alloys, and liquid metals, after the pioneering work by Kuttruff in 1962 and Smith in 1967, to our knowledge, no updated observations of SL in liquid metals have been reported, except for the recent work of Futakawa in which the cavitation phenomena of mercury, used in pulsed spallation neutron source, were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonoluminescence in Liquid Metals

Troia

Ripa

2013

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Multibubble sonoluminescence experiments have been performed in two liquid metals: mercury and the eutectic alloy of Ga, In, and Sn, commonly known as galinstan. The experiments were executed at ambient temperature, using a quartz horn to serve the two-fold purpose of inducing ultrasonic cavitation and providing an optically transparent window to detect the sonoluminescence (SL) radiated from bubbles generated in proximity of the quartz/metal interface. The typical emission lines of the metal under test could be detected, and their intensity was found to be correlated with the level of applied acoustic pressure. Their origin could be associated with two concurrent physical mechanisms: electrical microdischarges and true SL emissions. The contribution of these different processes was singled out by the deposition of an electrically conductive optically transparent film on the end face of the quartz horn. Typical SL broad-band emission could be detected in both types of liquid metals, while the emission lines corresponding to Sn and In excited states appeared only when testing galinstan in special experimental conditions. This point requires further investigations, and observation suggests the possible contribution of mechanoluminescence phenomena. Finally, in a preliminary experiment performed while maintaining mercury under a steady argon flow, we observed emission lines associated with the noble gas excited states, even in the presence of the conductive transparent film: this result excludes a significant contribution of the microdischarge mechanism and represents a strong evidence in favor of the formation of a warm and dense plasma

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonoluminescence in Liquid Metals

Troia

Ripa

2013

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…To get a preliminary estimate of the relative importance of those effects for the acoustic resonator performance, we have collected acoustic and material properties for liquid gallium and liquid aluminum in Tables I and II. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Necessary data on tube and termination materials are given in Table III. [17][18][19] Among other familiar quantities, the effective shear viscosity…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant oscillation of a liquid metal column driven by electromagnetic Lorentz force sources

Makarov

Ludwig

Apelian

1999

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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In this paper, a theoretical study is conducted in order to establish the feasibility of a liquid metal acoustic resonator (liquid gallium or liquid aluminum) for high-amplitude acoustic oscillations. The fundamental resonant frequency typically lies between 5 and 40 kHz. The oscillations are induced by an alternating Lorentz force density applied directly to the liquid metal volume. Depending on the boundary conditions, two different resonator types (open–closed and open–open) are theoretically investigated. The analysis incorporates the effects of impedance termination, volume absorption, wall friction, acoustic radiation from the open end, and nonlinear inflow–outflow losses. The actual elasticity of the container, either a ceramic or quartz tube, and the coupled solid–liquid interactions are taken into consideration. Based on this investigation, theoretical predictions are conducted for the quality factor and the pressure level for the liquid metal resonator under various geometric and boundary conditions. They indicate that resonant amplitudes of 10–20 atm can be achieved using commercially available high-current audio amplifiers.

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“…Transparent biological fluids have been cavitated to produce sonoluminescence, including blood plasma [17] and human amniotic fluid [256]. Potato tubers [257] and liquid metals [258] have also sonoluminesced.…”

Section: (I) the Effect Of The Dissolved Gas The Intensity Of The Lumentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and Mechanisms

Leighton

1994

The Acoustic Bubble

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Sound propagation in liquid metals

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Sonoluminescence in Liquid Metals

Sonoluminescence in Liquid Metals

Resonant oscillation of a liquid metal column driven by electromagnetic Lorentz force sources

Effects and Mechanisms

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