Sound and Communication

Wilke, Annette; Moebus, Oliver

doi:10.1515/9783110240030

Cited by 44 publications

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“…As before, we inductively construct the words u m,n and v m,n and use them to define the languages K m and L m . [21]. We generalize this observation and show that satisfiability for FO 2 [<] is NP-complete for any fixed alphabet size.…”

Section: Alternation Hierarchy For Fo 2 [mentioning

confidence: 61%

Structure Theorem and Strict Alternation Hierarchy for FO^2 on Words

Weis¹,

Immerman²

2009

Logical Methods in Computer Science

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It is well-known that every first-order property on words is expressible using at most three variables. The subclass of properties expressible with only two variables is also quite interesting and well-studied. We prove precise structure theorems that characterize the exact expressive power of first-order logic with two variables on words. Our results apply to both the case with and without a successor relation.For both languages, our structure theorems show exactly what is expressible using a given quantifier depth, n, and using m blocks of alternating quantifiers, for any m ≤ n. Using these characterizations, we prove, among other results, that there is a strict hierarchy of alternating quantifiers for both languages. The question whether there was such a hierarchy had been completely open. As another consequence of our structural results, we show that satisfiability for first-order logic with two variables without successor, which is NEXP-complete in general, becomes NP-complete once we only consider alphabets of a bounded size.

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Section: Alternation Hierarchy For Fo 2 [mentioning

confidence: 61%

Structure Theorem and Strict Alternation Hierarchy for FO^2 on Words

Weis¹,

Immerman²

2009

Logical Methods in Computer Science

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“…1189 Bráhman ist ›poetische Magie‹ und kennzeichnet Sanskrit als heilige Sprache. 1190 Die ›Lautmagie‹ beruht auf der Auffassung, dass etwas wahr ist und wirkt, wenn man es ausspricht. Im Ṛgveda 4.42.4 sagt der Gott Varuṇa: »Ich ließ die triefenden Gewässer anschwellen, im Sitz des (ewigen) Gesetzes [*ṛta, auch Wahrheit, Recht, Ordnung] halte ich den Himmel.…”

Section: B) Religion Und Schriftunclassified

Die Evolution der Religion

Krech

2021

Religiöse Evolution

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Über uns der Ideenhimmel, in uns das Bewusstsein und dazwischen: die Religion als Bestandteil der soziokulturellen Wirklichkeit. Volkhard Krech entfaltet in seinem soziologischen Grundriss der religiösen Evolution das Verständnis von Religion als Kommunikation, die zwischen den Menschen entsteht und stattfindet. In seiner Analyse zur Ausdifferenzierung des Religiösen, die Bezug auf die Evolutionstheorie, Systemtheorie und eine semiotisch informierte Kommunikationstheorie nimmt, bewegt er sich in der Zirkularität von Gegenwart und Geschichte. Dabei macht er Religion als Sinnform zur Bearbeitung unbestimmbarer Kontingenz begreifbar.

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“…The following parts of the Introduction will first situate the Vedic schools visited for this study in Maharashtra, and also introduce the author and his challenges in taking up such a research project. The last part of the Introduction will revisit the concept of orality (or rather, "sonality", following Wilke and Moebus 2011) and its relationship to literacy in the Vedic tradition. Hinduism has recently been called a "culture of sound" (Wilke and Moebus 2011: 12-13),20 and while claiming the centrality of sound for Hinduism may seem to be an essentialist statement, it points to a rather understudied element in the Hindu traditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodying the Vedas

Larios¹

2017

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Introduction 1 1.1 Locating the Vedapāṭhaśālās 9 1.2 The Indian in a Foreign Body: Ethnography and Participant Observation 12 1.3 The Indologist without a Text 16 1.4 The Oral Transmission of the Veda 19 1.5 Manuscript Culture and the Use of a Text 30 2 Framing the Veda: General Contexts 37 2.1 Brāhmaṇas in Maharashtra 37 2.2 The Brāhmaṇa in Modern and Globalized India 45 2.3 Bhakti and Orthodox Brāhmaṇism 50 2.4 Modern Hinduism and the Religious Market in India 56 3 The Vedic Schools in Contemporary Maharashtra 64 3.1 Governmental Regulations 64 3.2 "Money Matters": The Economy of Vedic Schools 68 3.3 New Patrons of the Veda 75 3.4 Today's Vedic Schools in Maharashtra: a Typology 77 3.4.1 The 'Gurukula Type' 79 3.4.2 The 'Vedapāṭhaśālā Type' 82 3.4.3 The 'Vedavidyālaya Type' 84 3.4.4 Concluding Remarks on the Use of a Typology 85 3.5 Curricula of the Vedapāṭhaśālās in Maharashtra 86 3.6 Styles of Vedic Recitation 100 3.7 Modalities of Teaching and Studying the Veda 102 3.7.1 Spaces and Seating Arrangements for the Veda Instruction 103 3.7.2 Introductory Lesson (Santhā) 105 3.7.3 Revision Class (Guṇḍikā) 110Despite the most rigorous adherence to "the old ways," they are refracted by the prism of history. To adapt an adage: tradizione tradimento.

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Sound and Communication

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Structure Theorem and Strict Alternation Hierarchy for FO^2 on Words

Structure Theorem and Strict Alternation Hierarchy for FO^2 on Words

Die Evolution der Religion

Embodying the Vedas

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