“…The term grain flow refers to discontinuous mass flow (avalanche) of grains on the lee slope, and it has been the focus of a number of studies (e.g., Allen, 1970;Hunter, 1985;Dingler and Anima, 1989;Ikehara, 1990). As the amount of suspended load increases, the volume of sediments that settles on the entire surface of the lee slope increases; hence, the grain-fall deposits are more likely to be preserved, rather than being relocated by subsequent grainflow events (Jopling, 1965;Hunter, 1985;Kleinhans, 2004). Some experiments have been conducted to study the relationship between the ratio of grain fall to grain flow and either the shape of laminae (Jopling, 1965) or vertical grain-size sorting (e.g., Kleinhans, 2004Kleinhans, , 2005a.…”