Sorption of organic matter from four phytoplankton species to montmorillonite, chlorite and kaolinite in seawater

Satterberg, Jessi; Arnarson, Thórarinn S.; Lessard, Evelyn J.; Keil, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(02)00136-6

Cited by 63 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The particular mechanisms by which sediments enhance the preservation of labile organic compounds remain poorly understood, but substrate protection/stabilization-as opposed to enzyme suppressionappears to be the primary control in both soils (Lützow et al 2006;Mikutta et al 2006) and marine sediments (Ransom et al 1998;Satterberg et al 2003;Arnarson and Keil 2005;Ziervogel et al 2007). Sediment mineralogy is recognized as a key factor in such stabilization, but so too is the chemical structure of the substrate, pH, the isoelectric points of the sediment and substrate, availability of floc-inducing multivalent cations, and organic loading.…”

Section: Taphonomic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Effects on the Preservation of Burgess Shale-Type Compression Fossils

Wilson

Butterfield

2014

PALAIOS

106

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Experimental burial of polychaete (Nereis) and crustacean (Crangon) carcasses in kaolinite, calcite, quartz, and montmorillonite demonstrates a marked effect of sediment mineralogy on the stabilization of nonbiomineralized integuments, the first step in producing carbonaceous compression fossils and Burgess Shale-type (BST) preservation. The greatest positive effect was with Nereis buried in kaolinite, and the greatest negative effect was with Nereis buried in montmorillonite, a morphological trend paralleled by levels of preserved protein. Similar but more attenuated effects were observed with Crangon. The complex interplay of original histology and sediment mineralogy controls system pH, oxygen content, and major ion concentrations, all of which are likely to feed back on the preservation potential of particular substrates in particular environments. The particular susceptibility of Nereis to both diagenetically enhanced preservation and diagenetically enhanced decomposition most likely derives from the relative lability of its collagenous cuticle vs. the inherently more recalcitrant cuticle of Crangon. We propose a mechanism of secondary, sediment-induced taphonomic tanning to account for instances of enhanced preservation. In light of the marked effects of sediment mineralogy on fossilization, the Cambrian to Early Ordovician taphonomic window for BST preservation is potentially related to a coincident interval of glauconite-prone seas.

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Section: Taphonomic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Effects on the Preservation of Burgess Shale-Type Compression Fossils

Wilson

Butterfield

2014

PALAIOS

106

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“…It is well known that small marine particulate organic matter (POM) can aggregate to larger POM (Jackson and Burd, 1998). In addition, POM has been shown to form from dissolved organic matter (DOM) through aggregation processes of colloidal organic matter (Kepkay, 1994), coagulation on bubble surfaces (Kepkay and Johnson, 1988), and through sorption of dissolved material to organic (Hwang et al, 2006) and inorganic particles (Edwards et al, 1996;Satterberg et al, 2003;Schlautman and Morgan, 1994). Recently, it has also been shown that colloidal marine OM can form gels (see for example Chin et al (1998)) if divalent cations are present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral aldoses as source indicators for marine snow

et al. 2008

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The chemical characteristics of aggregating material in the marine environment are largely unknown. We investigated neutral aldose (NA) abundance and composition in aggregation of marine snow and other organic matter (OM) size fractions in the field. Four sample sets were fractionated using membrane filtration and ultrafiltration into the following size fractions: particulate material, high-molecular-weight (HMW) material, and low-molecular-weight (LMW) material. We also collected three sample sets of marine-snow aggregates. Each sample set contained small, medium, and large aggregate size fractions and each size fraction consisted of 25-50 aggregates. For 7 marine-snow samples and for each water-sample size fraction, we determined monomeric and polymeric NA concentration, NA yield (amount of NA-C normalized to organic carbon), and composition; total organic carbon (TOC) concentration; transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) concentration, and TEP propensity (TEP concentration after inducing TEP formation in filtered samples). This is the first study to include compound-specific NA determinations on these four marine OM size fractions.The mass balances of organic carbon and NA indicated that there were no serious contamination or loss problems. Concentrations, yields, and NA mol fractions in water samples were similar to results from other studies. Glucose and galactose had the highest relative abundance in all size fractions. The NAyield increased with increasing molecular weight or particle size for all fractions except marine snow. The NA yield increased in the order: LMWb marine snowb HMWb particles. Marine snow had a higher average NA yield than the LMW fraction, but lower than particle and HMW-fractions. This indicates that OM in marine snow could have been diagenetically derived from particulate and HMW-fractions, that is, marine snow may include material from the particulate and the colloidal phase.TEP concentration or TEP propensity was positively correlated with concentrations of all individual NAs as well as the sum NA concentrations, indicating that TEP contains neutral sugars in addition to the acidic polysaccharides stained in the determination of TEP concentrations.Despite the relatively low NA yield in marine snow, marine snow was enriched in NA when compared with seawater, with enrichment factors of 34-225 (average 125). By combining data from this study with data from other studies, we estimate that b 10% of carbohydrates in marine snow comprise NAs.There was no clear correlation between marine-snow aggregate size and NA yield, that is, there appears to be no general age difference between small and large marine-snow aggregates. NA composition was similar among different marine-snow size fracions Available online at www.sciencedirect.com collected during the same day, indicating that aggregation/disaggregation reactions resulted in homogenizing NA composition in marine-snow aggregates of all sizes. The NA composition of marine snow was different from that of other OM size fractions, indi...

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“…Although some studies show that OM loading on a given area of mineral surface is greater from within the oxygen minimum zone than from without (6,8,21), others do not (2,11,25). Variations in OM:MSA may alternatively be influenced by OM availability in ocean or pore water, reactivity of specific classes of organic compounds (26)(27)(28)(29), sediment mineralogy (11,13), and/or the effects of bioturbation (6,7). The nanoscales at which mineral surfaces interact with OM make direct observation of the processes involved difficult; thus studies capable of isolating primary controls are important to understand better the dominant influences acting on this type of carbon burial, and thus the implications of organic carbon enrichment in ancient successions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We further refined our hypothesis to test for the influence of the smectitic class of hydratable 2∶1 clay minerals rather than fine-grained sediments in general because recent work shows that these minerals may be responsible for a significant enhancement in carbon preservation (11,18,19,26,27,34). This may be because of their uniquely weak layer charge that allows organic compounds to access protective interlayer sites (34)(35)(36) and/or that they may coalesce around organic compounds from initially dispersed single layer crystallites [quasicrystal model (37)] in pore fluids to form nanocomposites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay mineral continental amplifier for marine carbon sequestration in a greenhouse ocean

Kennedy

Wagner

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

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The majority of carbon sequestration at the Earth’s surface occurs in marine continental margin settings within fine-grained sediments whose mineral properties are a function of continental climatic conditions. We report very high mineral surface area (MSA) values of 300 and 570 m 2 g in Late Cretaceous black shales from Ocean Drilling Program site 959 of the Deep Ivorian Basin that vary on subcentennial time scales corresponding with abrupt increases from approximately 3 to approximately 18% total organic carbon (TOC). The observed MSA changes with TOC across multiple scales of variability and on a sample-by-sample basis (centimeter scale), provides a rigorous test of a hypothesized influence on organic carbon burial by detrital clay mineral controlled MSA. Changes in TOC also correspond with geochemical and sedimentological evidence for water column anoxia. Bioturbated intervals show a lower organic carbon loading on mineral surface area of 0.1 mg-OC m -2 when compared to 0.4 mg-OC m -2 for laminated and sulfidic sediments. Although either anoxia or mineral surface protection may be capable of producing TOC of < 5%, when brought together they produced the very high TOC (10–18%) apparent in these sediments. This nonlinear response in carbon burial resulted from minor precession-driven changes of continental climate influencing clay mineral properties and runoff from the African continent. This study identifies a previously unrecognized land–sea connection among continental weathering, clay mineral production, and anoxia and a nonlinear effect on marine carbon sequestration during the Coniacian-Santonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 3 in the tropical eastern Atlantic.

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Sorption of organic matter from four phytoplankton species to montmorillonite, chlorite and kaolinite in seawater

Cited by 63 publications

References 19 publications

Sediment Effects on the Preservation of Burgess Shale-Type Compression Fossils

Sediment Effects on the Preservation of Burgess Shale-Type Compression Fossils

Neutral aldoses as source indicators for marine snow

Clay mineral continental amplifier for marine carbon sequestration in a greenhouse ocean

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