Sorption of Chlorobenzenes to Mineralizing Phytoplankton

Koelmans, Albert A.; Jiménez, Carmen Sánchez; Lijklema, L.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1425:soctmp]2.0.co;2

Cited by 16 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Gas purge procedure. The purge procedure was described earlier [10], but it is briefly explained here. Three 0.8-L subsamples from equilibrated cultures were placed in a thermostatted (10 Ϯ 0.1ЊC), glass-stoppered, 0.9-L bottle.…”

Section: Gas Purge Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…linearity of log BCF-log K ow relationship. In earlier work [6,10,11], rate parameters for chlorobenzene bioconcentration to phytoplankton were measured using gas purge experiments. For the chlorobenzenes, kinetics were fast enough to exclude the slow-kinetics hypothesis as an explanation for nonlinear log BCF-log K ow relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first method minimizes the potential affect of algal growth on the HOC concentration in the cells. The latter method minimizes the influence both of growth and of exudates (or DOC) on the apparent BCF or kinetic constants, because phase separation is not required [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas purging is a technique used to measure aqueous fugacities [12], Henry's law constants (H) [13][14][15][16], or equilibrium and rate characteristics as a result of HOC binding to DOC [17,18], algae [6,10,11], or sediments [19][20][21]. So far, no gas purge experiment results concerning PCB bioconcentration in phytoplankton have been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Bioconcentration Kinetics of Hydrophobic Chemicals in Selenastrum Capricornutum and Microcystis Aeruginosa

Koelmans¹,

Woude²,

Hattink³

et al. 1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-The bioconcentration of two chlorobenzenes (CBs) and of seven polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) to Selenastrum capricornutum and Microcystis aeruginosa was studied with accumulation experiments followed by gas purge elimination experiments. Henry's law constants at 10ЊC were needed to interpret the gas purge results and were measured in control experiments. For the M. aeruginosa culture, steady-state uptake was reached within days, whereas uptake by S. capricornutum took several weeks. The relationships between the log bioconcentration factors (BCF) and log octanol-water partition coefficients (K ow ) were nonlinear, with relatively low values for the more hydrophobic PCBs. Rate constants for the elimination of CBs and PCBs from the algal cells were shown to be larger than 1 per day when calculated with a one-compartment model. With such large rate constants, it is unlikely that the curvature observed for these species is caused by slow kinetics or that algal growth affects BCF by dilution of CB or PCB concentrations. The log BCF-log K ow relationships could be described by a simple three-phase model that accounted for the binding of CBs and PCBs to dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Modeling bioconcentration of hydrophobic chemicals in phytoplankton should account for the binding to DOC.

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Section: Gas Purge Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Bioconcentration Kinetics of Hydrophobic Chemicals in Selenastrum Capricornutum and Microcystis Aeruginosa

Koelmans¹,

Woude²,

Hattink³

et al. 1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…Such two-stage release patterns with a short initial phase of fast elimination (minutes to hours), followed by an extended period of much slower release have often been described for hydrophobic compounds. 29 Only the brominated derivatives of EE2 were detected in the water phase during the elimination period ( Figure 2F, H). The first quick elimination phase was most probably dominated by desorption of both products from the algae cells.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake, Elimination, and Biotransformation of 17α-Ethinylestradiol by the Freshwater Alga Desmodesmus subspicatus

Maes

Maletz

Ratte

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

106

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Bioconcentration and transformation of the potent and persistent xeno-estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) by organisms at the basis of the food web have received only little research attention. In this study, uptake, elimination, and biotransformation of radiolabeled EE2 ((14)C-EE2) by the freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus were investigated. The alga highly incorporated radioactivity following (14)C-EE2 exposure. Up to 68% of the test compound was removed from the medium by D. subspicatus within a rather short time period (72 h C(algae)/C(water): 2200 L/kg wet weight). When the algae were transported to clear medium, a two-stage release pattern was observed with an initially quick elimination phase following slower clearance afterward. Interestingly, D. subspicatus brominated EE2 when bromide was available in the medium, a transformation process demonstrated to occur abiotically but not by algae. The consequence of the presence of more hydrophobic mono- and dibrominated EE2 in the environment remains to be further investigated, as these products were shown to have a lower estrogenic potency but are expected to have a higher bioaccumulation potential and to be more toxic than the mother compound.

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Bioconcentration kinetics of hydrophobic chemicals in different densities of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Sijm

Broersen

Roode

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Algal density‐dependent bioconcentration factors and rate constants were determined for a series of hydrophobic compounds in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The apparent uptake rate constants of the hydrophobic compounds in algae varied between 200 and 710,000 L/kg/d, slightly increased with hydrophobicity within an experiment, were relatively constant for each algal density, and fitted fairly within existing allometric relationships. The bioavailability of the hydrophobic test compounds was significantly reduced by sorption by algal exudates. The sorption coefficients of the hydrophobic compounds to the algal exudates were between 80 and 1,200 L/kg, and were for most algal densities in the same order of magnitude as the apparent bioconcentration factors to the algae, that is, between 80 and 60,200 L/kg. In typical field situations, however, no significant reduction in bioavailability due to exudates is expected. The apparent elimination rate constants of the hydrophobic compounds were high and fairly constant for each algal density and varied between 2 and 190/d. Because the apparent elimination rate constants were higher than the growth rate constant, and were independent of hydrophobicity, we speculated that other factors dominate excretion, such as exudate excretion‐enhanced elimination. Bioconcentration factors increased less than proportional with hydrophobicity, i.e., the octanol–water partition coefficient [Kow]. The role of algal composition in bioconcentration is evaluated. Bioconcentrations (kinetics) of hydrophobic compounds that are determined at high algal densities should be applied with caution to field situations.

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Sorption of Chlorobenzenes to Mineralizing Phytoplankton

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Long-Term Bioconcentration Kinetics of Hydrophobic Chemicals in Selenastrum Capricornutum and Microcystis Aeruginosa

Long-Term Bioconcentration Kinetics of Hydrophobic Chemicals in Selenastrum Capricornutum and Microcystis Aeruginosa

Uptake, Elimination, and Biotransformation of 17α-Ethinylestradiol by the Freshwater Alga Desmodesmus subspicatus

Bioconcentration kinetics of hydrophobic chemicals in different densities of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

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