Sophorolipid exhibits antifungal activity by ROS mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways in <i>Candida albicans</i>

Haque, Farazul; Verma, Nitish Kumar; Alfatah, Mohammad; Bijlani, Swati; Bhattacharyya, Mani Shankar

doi:10.1039/c9ra07599b

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…As mentioned earlier, the intracellular ROS accumulation leads to fatal consequences such as necrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Necrosis is a form of pathological cell death induced by extreme physical, chemical or other serious pathological stimuli [25,27,28]. In our study, using DCFH-DA and PI double staining method proved that the cell necrosis induced by AMP-17 is associated with the increase of intracellular ROS production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…If the ROS produced by the cell exceeds its metabolic capacity, the excess intracellular ROS induces oxidative damage to lipids, DNA, proteins and other cellular components (such as plasma membrane). The induction of these processes is related to cellular death caused by apoptosis or necrosis [25][26]. This study found that AMP-17 treatment increased the ROS generation and showed a good concentrationdependent effect, but when the C. albicans cells were pretreated with two antioxidants, glutathione, and ascorbic acid, the accumulation of intracellular ROS induced by the AMP-17 in C. albicans was signi cantly inhibited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In our study, using DCFH-DA and PI double staining method proved that the cell necrosis induced by AMP-17 is associated with the increase of intracellular ROS production. Moreover, the damage in cellular membrane integrity is one of the hallmark events of cell necrosis [25]. In previous studies, our experimental data have demonstrated that AMP-17 can cause the loss of integrity of C. albicans cell membrane by destroying the membrane structure and increasing the permeability of plasma membrane [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive studies suggest that maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential is a prerequisite for normal mitochondrial function [25,33,34]. Depolarization of MMP is considered to be the earliest event in apoptotic processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ROS is produced under normal physiological conditions and participates in various biological processes. However, excessive ROS production can cause oxidative damage to cells [25]. In this study, the uorescent probe DCFH-DA was utilized as a ROS indicator to study the effect of AMP-17 on intracellular ROS production.…”

Section: Effect Of Amp-17 On Ros Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 exerts anti-Candida albicans effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and necrosis

Yang

Tian

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: New anti-candida albicans drugs need to be developed due to the emergence of drug-resistant cases in recent years. AMP-17 (Musca. domestica antimicrobial pepitide-17) is an antimicrobial peptide from M. domestica, which inhibits many fungal pathogens including Candida albicans (C. albicans) effectively. In this article, we discuss the potential mechanism of AMP-17 against C. albicans from the perspective of affecting its cell internal structure.Methods: After AMP-17 treatment, we examined the ultrastructure of C. albicans by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and detected the cell cycle using flow cytometry. Fluorescent probes were used to examine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in C. albicans cells and to analyze the correlation between ROS accumulation and C. albicans cell necrosis. The JC-1 kit was used to measure the effect of AMP-17 on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of C. albicans cells. AMP-17-induced apoptosis and necrosis was investigated using an Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit.Results: Morphological observations showed that the shape of C. albicans treated with AMP-17 was irregular, and vacuoles were found in the cytoplasmic region. The treatment of C. albicans with AMP-17 resulted in the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and changes in cell cycle, which promoted apoptosis and necrosis of C. albicans cells. The level of apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner after AMP-17 treatment.Conclusions: AMP-17 inhibited the growth and proliferation of C. albicans cells by altering the cell cycle of C. albicans. In addition, AMP-17 stimulated mitochondria to produce excess ROS for anti-stress, but the excess ROS damages the function of mitochondria in return and results in the alteration of MMP. All of these ultimately contributes to the death of C. albicans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Amp-17 On Ros Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 exerts anti-Candida albicans effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and necrosis

Yang

Tian

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Biosurfactants Against Drug‐Resistant Human and Plant Pathogens

Malakar

Deka

2021

Biosurfactants for a Sustainable Future

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Unraveling the polypharmacology of a natural antifungal product, eugenol, against Rhizoctonia solani

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating disease of rice in China. However, indiscriminate use of chemical fungicides applied to control the disease raise major environmental and food safety issues. Ecofriendly biocontrol alternatives are urgently needed. Eugenol, one of the main ingredients in Syzygium aromaticum, has attracted much attention owing to its antifungal properties. However, its mode of action is still not clear. Herein, the antifungal activity and mode of action of eugenol against R. solani were investigated.RESULTS: Results confirmed that the mycelia of R. solani treated with eugenol shrank and became dehydrated, the cytoplasmic wall separated, and the vacuoles and mitochondria decreased or dissolved. Moreover, we found that eugenol downregulated expression of C-4 methyl sterol oxidase, inhibited synthesis of ergosterol, increased membrane permeability and impaired the transportation of amino acids and glucose across the cell membrane. In addition, eugenol decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and initiated an oxidative stress reaction by increasing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, which together with membrane damage contribute to the antifungal activity of eugenol. Meanwhile, eugenol might inhibit R. solani by affecting oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). CONCLUSION: In view of its multitarget properties against R. solani, eugenol provides an alternative approach to chemical control strategies against rice sheath blight.

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Sophorolipid exhibits antifungal activity by ROS mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways in Candida albicans

Abstract: Sophorolipid induces ROS generation in C. albicans leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress followed by the release of Ca2+ ions (from the ER lumen) that enter mitochondria and further magnify ROS generation leading to cell death.

Cited by 41 publications

References 64 publications

Antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 exerts anti-Candida albicans effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and necrosis

Antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 exerts anti-Candida albicans effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and necrosis

Biosurfactants Against Drug‐Resistant Human and Plant Pathogens

Unraveling the polypharmacology of a natural antifungal product, eugenol, against Rhizoctonia solani

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