Soot particle size distributions in a well-stirred reactor/plug flow reactor

Manzello, Samuel L.; Lenhert, David B.; Yozgatlıgil, Ahmet; Donovan, M.T.; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.; Tsang, Wing

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.013

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The difference of the PSD by considering the aggregate structures would be attributed to the ''collector.' ' Bhatt and Lindstedt (2009) applied the sectional method considering the fractal dimension to the geometry on soot formation experimentally investigated by Manzello et al (2007), where the number concentration was approximately 10 10 cm -3 . They concluded that the sensitivity to variations in the fractal dimension was not significant under the set of conditions.…”

Section: Comparison To Sectional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that the sensitivity to variations in the fractal dimension was not significant under the set of conditions. If the aggregate structures were not evolved with low number concentrations (Abid et al 2008;Manzello et al 2007), considering the aggregate structures are not required for calculating the PSDs with the sectional method. However, for direct simulation using the AMP-CCA model, it is necessary to calculate the actual PSD for cases with high number concentrations, such as carbon black (Balthasar et al 2002).…”

Section: Comparison To Sectional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo simulation for morphology of nanoparticles and particle size distributions: comparison of the cluster–cluster aggregation model with the sectional method

et al. 2015

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This study presents the validity and ability of an aggregate mean free path cluster-cluster aggregation (AMP-CCA) model, which is a direct Monte Carlo simulation, to predict the aggregate morphology with diameters form about 15-200 nm by comparing the particle size distributions (PSDs) with the results of the previous stochastic approach. The PSDs calculated by the AMP-CCA model with the calculated aggregate as a coalesced spherical particle are in reasonable agreement with the results of the previous stochastic model regardless of the initial number concentration of particles. The shape analysis using two methods, perimeter fractal dimension and the shape categories, has demonstrated that the aggregate structures become complex with increasing the initial number concentration of particles. The AMP-CCA model provides a useful tool to calculate the aggregate morphology and PSD with reasonable accuracy.

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Section: Comparison To Sectional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To Sectional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo simulation for morphology of nanoparticles and particle size distributions: comparison of the cluster–cluster aggregation model with the sectional method

et al. 2015

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“…Many recent works use measured size and mass distributions of inception particles produced in flames [2,[4][5][6][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] or flow reactors [26,27] to examine particle formation and evolution in combustion processes. All of these works necessarily use an intrusive probe to quickly dilute sampled flame products in an attempt to quench particle coagulation/reaction in the sample line and to measure the ''in flame" PSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probe measurements and numerical model predictions of evolving size distributions in premixed flames

Filippo

Sgro

Lanzuolo

et al. 2009

Combustion and Flame

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“…19 LII has been applied for soot diagnostics in several practical devices: diesel engines, gas turbines, shock tubes, rocket engine and others. [20][21][22] As other optical techniques, LII only requires a free spectral access to the region of interest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser, at 532 nm, promotes the undesirable fluorescence of large PAHs, which consists in the most interference of the LII signal, while the emission at 1064 nm excites only the soot particles. 19,21 LII wavelength detection also have to take account spectral interferences derived of the natural flame emissions and light scattering effects. 20 Finally, the typical time-life of LII signal is ca.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study of the Influence of Biodiesel in Soot Emissions of Diesel Laminar Diffusion Flames

Tolomelli¹,

Barreta²,

Lacava³

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this work the presence of soot in laminar diffusion of diesel and blends diesel/biodiesel flames were investigated in the following proportions: 5, 10, 20 and 50% of biodiesel. The technique of laser-induced incandescence (LII) was used for the soot detection. Horizontal mapping were performed at two heights (80 and 260 mm above the burner) to investigate the distribution of soot along the studied flames. The experiment was performed with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with the wavelength of 1064 nm. The results have shown that the soot emission decreases as the amount of biodiesel increases in the blends. Keywords: laser-induced incandescence, soot, biodiesel, combustion IntroductionDiesel engines are currently the largest source of power generation in the planet. They are widely used in quite different areas, as transportation and mining machinery. They are popular due to their high efficiency, low-cost and durability if compared with gasoline and other automotive fuels.1,2 Nevertheless, diesel engines also presents another remarkable feature: they are largely responsible by the emission of soot, one of most pollutants of environment. 3 Soot is basically formed by particles of impure carbon, with diameter from 10 to 50 nm. Due to its small size, soot particles can penetrate in the lung alveolus of human beings causing serious respiratory and cardiac diseases. 4 Besides health and ecological issues, soot also plays an inconvenient role in the energy generation from combustion processes. [5][6][7] In general, the presence of soot diminishes the overall efficiency of the combustion processes. Soot production is associated to the cracking reactions of hydrocarbon chains that generate carbon solid clusters. These reactions are carried out in gaseous phase and compete directly with the mechanism of oxidation of hydrocarbons that are responsible to the energy release. 8It means that soot is preferentially formed in fuel-rich and high temperature combustion flames, as diffusive flames. These flames are largely used as industrial energy sources. In diffusive flames, as the fuel is burned using only the oxygen available from surroundings, soot presence is higher than the other kind of flames, like premixed ones In some specific applications, like boiler devices, however, a moderate amount of soot is desirable, as its presence increases the heat transfer rate.7 Soot is also quite important in the production of carbon black, which is employed as active filler in rubber products and as component of printing paints.Among the strategies to reduce soot emission from diesel engines, recently a vegetable fuel, known as biodiesel, has been developed. 9 Biodiesel is a kind of biofuel made by alkyl esters from long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fat. Biodiesel shows a better flammability if compared to other biofuels, and can replace the diesel oil, or diesel/biodiesel blends, in compression ignition engines without significant changes. 10It also presents the following advantages over pure diesel: there are no a...

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Soot particle size distributions in a well-stirred reactor/plug flow reactor

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Monte Carlo simulation for morphology of nanoparticles and particle size distributions: comparison of the cluster–cluster aggregation model with the sectional method

Monte Carlo simulation for morphology of nanoparticles and particle size distributions: comparison of the cluster–cluster aggregation model with the sectional method

Probe measurements and numerical model predictions of evolving size distributions in premixed flames

Study of the Influence of Biodiesel in Soot Emissions of Diesel Laminar Diffusion Flames

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