Soot formation and evolution in RP-3 kerosene inverse diffusion flames: Effects of flow rates and dimethyl carbonate additions

Effect of Potassium Chloride on the Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Particles from Combustion of Municipal Solid Waste

“…For each sample, the two prominent peaks can be clearly observed, with the first peak occurring at ∼25°(002 peaks) and the second peak located at ∼44°(100 peaks). These soot samples featured a highly disordered nanostructure from the fact that the values of their diffraction angle (2θ 002 ) were lower than that of graphite carbon (26.8°), 43 in agreement with the HRTEM images. It should be noticed that, for SK-3% and SK-5%, the XRD measurements also detected the additional reflections that referred to the inorganic matter of KCl, consistent with the EDS results in Figure 2a.…”

Structural effects of C3 oxygenated fuels on soot formation in ethylene coflow diffusion flames

“…In general, low-carbon fuels correspond to oxygenated fuels with different functional groups in their molecular structure, which are distinctively different from fossil-based fuels. Thus, this influences their capacity to reduce soot emissions [22][23][24][25][26]. Engine research reported in the literature has found that DMC [7,[27][28][29][30][31], IPA [32][33][34][35][36] and DMM [27,[37][38][39] are promising oxygenated fuels that could reduce soot emissions.…”

How do the oxygenated functional groups in ether, carbonate and alcohol affect soot formation in Jet A2 diffusion flames?

“…The DMC-doped flame is expected to have a larger temperature effect than the other flames due to the formation of carbon dioxide during the decomposition of DMC [105]. This will result in a decrease in flame temperature [61,106,107], however the overall effect is still expected to be small -of the order 50 K [61].…”