Sonoran Propolis and Some of its Chemical Constituents Inhibit in vitro Growth of Giardia lamblia Trophozoites

Abstract

Propolis is a cereus resin with a complex chemical composition that possesses a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-Giardia lamblia activity of Sonoran propolis collected from three different areas of Sonoran Desert in northwestern Mexico (Caborca, Pueblo de Alamos, and Ures) and some of its chemical constituents. Additionally, we also analyzed the seasonal effect on the anti-G. lamblia activity of propolis. G. lamblia trophozoite cultures were treated with different concentrations of Sonoran propolis or chemical compounds during 48 h cell proliferation and cell viability were determined. Ures propolis showed the highest inhibitory activity against G. lamblia (IC50 63.8 ± 7.1 µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner (Ures > Pueblo de Alamos > Caborca). Season had a significant effect on the in vitro anti-G. lamblia activity of Ures propolis. Summer propolis showed the highest inhibitory effect on the G. lamblia trophozoite growth (IC50 23.8 ± 2.3 µg/mL), followed by propolis collected during winter (IC50 59.2 ± 34.7 µg/mL), spring (IC50 102.5 ± 15.3 µg/mL), and autumn (IC50 125.0 ± 3.1 µg/mL). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an Ures propolis exclusive constituent, had the highest growth-inhibitory activity towards G. lamblia [IC50 63.1 ± 0.9 µg/mL (222.1 ± 3.2 µM)]. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that caffeic acid phenethyl ester possesses antiparasitic activity against G. lamblia. Naringenin [IC50 125.7 ± 20.7 µg/mL (461.8 ± 76.3 µM)], hesperetin [IC50 149.6 ± 24.8 µg/mL (494.9 ± 82.2 µM)], and pinocembrin [IC50 174.4 ± 26.0 µg/mL (680.6 ± 101.7 µM)] showed weak anti-G. lamblia activity. On the other hand, chrysin and rutin did not show significant antiparasitic activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that Sonoran propolis and some of its chemical constituents had inhibitory effects on the in vitro growth of G. lamblia trophozoites.

Advances in Pharmacological Activities and Chemical Composition of Propolis Produced in Americas

“…125.0 µg/mL)] presented significant differences, which suggested that slightly quantitative variations on the bioactive constituents could be implicated in the seasonal effect of biological activities of UP. All propolis samples had weak FRS activity (<25% at 100 µg/mL) [34,94].…”

“…UP showed the highest growth inhibitory effect (IC 50 : 63.8 µg/mL) in comparison with CP and PAP (IC 50 : >200 µg/mL). Among the chemical constituents of Sonoran propolis evaluated, CAPE had the highest growth inhibitory activity (IC 50 : 222.1 µM), followed by naringenin (IC 50 : 461.8 µM), hesperetin (IC 50 : 494.9 µM) and pinocembrin activity (IC 50 : 680.6 µM) [34].…”

“…Propolis has been extensively studied, and in the last decades, propolis has aroused scientific attention and many reports have been published concerning its broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and its bioactive components [14,15,18,28]. At present, the biological activities reported for propolis include antibacterial [30][31][32], antioxidant [31,33], antiparasitic [34][35][36][37][38], antifungal [39][40][41], antiviral [42], local anaesthetic [43], anti-inflammatory [44,45], immunomodulatory [46,47], antitumor [48][49][50], and antiproliferative activity on cancer cell growth [50][51][52][53][54], among others. There are remarkable differences in the biological activities of propolis from dissimilar geographical origin, and those mainly depend on the qualitative and quantitative variations of its characteristic chemical constituents, which are provided by botanical sources.…”

Chemical composition, immunostimulatory, cytotoxic and antiparasitic activities of the essential oil from Brazilian red propolis

“…Several experiments and clinical investigations have shown the antiparasitic and adjuvant properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of propolis (HEP). HEP of different types of propolis showed antiparasitary efficacy against Giardia lamblia [ 20 , 21 ], Toxoplasma gondii and Trichomonas vaginalis [ 22 ]. It is important to highlight that T .…”

Caffeic acid as a preservative that extends shelf-life and maintains fruit quality of mulberries during cold storage

“…CAPE is a propolis constituent that has gained attention due to its broad pharmacological activities , including antibacterial, antiproliferative, antiparasitic and antioxidant effect, among others (Wang et al, 2014;Alday-Provencio et al, 2015). CAPE is more biologically effective than other natural hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives because of its structural properties, possessing better bioavailability in lipophilic systems due to its partition coefficient .…”