Sonography of the thoracic and abdominal walls

Meuwly, Jean‐Yves; Gudinchet, F.

doi:10.1002/jcu.20070

Cited by 23 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Similarly, the results of the present study for the double pack are consistent with the results of these front pack studies. It was thought that the distance between the front pack (at the abdomen) and spine would be greater than that between the backpack and the spine because the abdominal region comprises the abdominal cavity and many fat and muscular sheets (Meuwly and Gudinchet 2004), and so the flexion moment would be larger than the extension moment for an equivalent weight loading (given that moment ¼ force 6 distance). The net effect would result in a backward head posture to compensate the flexion moment when carrying the double pack, similar to the effect of carrying a front pack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in neck muscle electromyography and forward head posture of children when carrying schoolbags

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2008

Ergonomics

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This study tested the effects of three alternative types of backpack on head posture and neck muscle electromyography (EMG) in children. Four loading conditions were tested: no pack; a backpack; a double pack; a modified double pack (designed with a backpack and a front pack weighing 10% and 5% of body weight, respectively). Dependent variables were neck muscle activity, forward head angle and forward head distance (the perpendicular distance from C7 to a vertical line through the tragus of the ear). Fifteen children were asked to walk at a speed of 0.8 m/s on a treadmill. The EMG activity of upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and midcervical paraspinals muscles and the forward head angle and forward head distance were all significantly higher when carrying a backpack than for the other conditions. When carrying a double pack, there was a backward head posture characterised by an increased negative forward head angle, decreased forward head distance, increased sternocleidomastoid EMG signal and decreased midcervical paraspinals EMG signal, compared to carrying no pack. When carrying a modified double pack, the forward head angle and forward head distance decreased when compared to carrying a backpack. These findings indicate that the modified double pack minimises postural deviation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in neck muscle electromyography and forward head posture of children when carrying schoolbags

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2008

Ergonomics

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“…In spite of its limitations, which are related to the basic physical principles of ultrasound [3], TU has proved to be useful as a complementary imaging modality for the study of pleural lesions, including effusions, pleural and subpleural lesions and invasive tumors [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the normal pulmonary surface and pneumonectomy space by reflected ultrasound

Sperandeo

Varriale

Scionti

et al. 2011

Journal of Ultrasound

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KEYWORDSTransthoracic; Normal pleuropulmonary; Pneumonectomy space; Ultrasound artifacts.Abstract Interest has been increasing in the use of transthoracic ultrasound for the study of the pleuropulmonary disease. US imaging depends mainly on the physical interactions between ultrasound waves and the tissues being examined. In the thoracic region, the prescence of the chest wall and the air-containing pulmonary tissues cause various artifacts that strongly influence the resulting images. At the interface between tissues and air, the ultrasound beam is totally reflected and produces simple reverberation, comet-tail artifacts, and ring-down artifacts. We report the findings of transthoracic ultrasound in normal healthy subjects and in those who had undergone pneumonectomy.This experience shows that, in terms of the ultrasound artifacts mentioned above, the postpneumonectomy cavity is not significantly different from the healthy lung.Sommario SommarioL'interesse nell'utilità dell'ecografia del torace si è di recente accresciuto specialmente nello studio delle malattie pleuro-polmonari. L'immagine ecografica dipende prevalentemente dalle interazioni fisiche tra gli ultrasuoni e i tessuti esaminati; pertanto nello studio del torace la presenza della gabbia toracica e del tessuto polmonare contenente aria influenza fortemente le immagini generando molteplici artefatti. Il fascio ultrasonoro passando attraverso l'interfaccia tessuti/aria è quasi totalmente riflesso, producendo semplici riverberazioni (artefatti orizzontali), "comet-tail" e "ring-down" (artefatti verticali). Riportiamo gli effetti fisici implicati nella formazione di artefatti durante l'ecografia del torace in soggetti normali confrontati con lo spazio residuo post-pneumonectomia. In tutti i soggetti sani esaminati così come nella cavità residua dopo pneumonectomia abbiamo rilevato tutti gli artefatti descritti in accordo con i principi fisici degli ultrasuoni. ª

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“…The image is rectangular. Lineararray transducers of high frequency are well-suited for patients with thin thoracic walls [7]. The major benefit of this large transducer is high resolution in the near field and a large superficial field of view.…”

Section: Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics of Diagnostic Ultrasound

Reuter¹,

Bogdan²

2009

Clinical Chest Ultrasound

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This chapter presents the physics of ultrasound, probe design, and some of the typicel artifacts present in pulmonological applications. Some of the techniques used for optimal imaging of chest anatomy are explained as well as the diagnostic questions that can be answered by a pulmonologist.Diagnostic ultrasonography is the only clinical imaging technology currently in use that does not depend on electromagnetic radiation. This modality is based on the properties of sound waves, and hence the mechanical and acoustic properties of tissues.Diagnostic ultrasound is mechanical energy that causes alternating compression and rarefaction of the conducting medium, traveling in the body as a wave usually at frequencies of 2-10 MHz, well beyond audible frequencies. In general it is assumed that the speed of sound in tissue is constant at 1,540 m/s [1]. By knowing the frequency and the speed of sound, one can determine its wavelength (similar to electromagnetic radiation) [2-4]:(wavelength) ϭ c(speed)/f(frequency), or using the assumed speed:(wavelength in mm) ϭ 1.54/f(frequency in MHz).

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Sonography of the thoracic and abdominal walls

Cited by 23 publications

References 51 publications

Changes in neck muscle electromyography and forward head posture of children when carrying schoolbags

Changes in neck muscle electromyography and forward head posture of children when carrying schoolbags

Characterization of the normal pulmonary surface and pneumonectomy space by reflected ultrasound

Physics of Diagnostic Ultrasound

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