Sonography of the gravid uterus and placenta: current concepts.

Chronic Peripheral Separation of Placenta: The Significance of Diffuse Chorioamnionic Hemosiderosis

“…[3][4][5] Many cases of CAOS have premature rupture of membranes, although in some cases, membrane rupture is simulated by organization of peripheral blood clots with clot retraction and subsequent passage of serum through the vagina.…”

A Large Placental Chorioangioma without an Adverse Perinatal Effect

“…Unfortunately, we could not do gray-scale or Doppler in earlier trimesters because our patient did not come on regular followup. Chorioangioma is often confused with placental teratoma, placental hematoma (intraplacental or subchorionic), partial hydatidiform mole, degenerated myoma, and metastases (8).…”

Comparative study of transperineal and transvaginal sonography for localization of placenta in antepartum haermorrhage

“…It can also result in release of prostaglandins and initiations of uterine contraction and there is requirement of special transducer. [6][7][8] Transperineal sonography is more convenient and safer means of imaging the cervix and lower uterine segment overcoming the short coming of transabdominal sonography and eliminating the risk associated with Transvaginal sonography.…”

“…8 Endovaginal sonography is not preferred by some patients and some time it may cause torrential haemorrhage. In 1992 Hertzberg et al reported the use of transperineal sonography for localization of placenta in case of APH, which seems to be convenient and safe route of imaging the cervix , lower uterine segment, its relation with placenta and as vaginal penetration is not needed virtually eliminating the potential for inducing bleeding which is associated with endovaginal sonography.…”

“…Hertzberg et al in her series reported sensitivity of 100% specificity of 90% positive predictive value of 90% negative predictive value of 100%, false negative rate of 0% and false positive rate of 0.6% by transperineal sonography in cases of APH. 8 In 1999 Bukshee et al studied the role of transperineal sonography in localization of placenta. They published sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of 100%.…”