Sonography of the Female Urethra

A tertiary experience of urethral diverticulectomy: diagnosis, imaging and surgical outcomes

“…Cysto‐urethroscopy offers no other structural or dynamic information to guide intervention, and is of value only in so much as to exclude other pathology. Transvaginal US has also been suggested as a useful method for imaging diverticula, allowing delineation of the spatial relationship with the urethra, the diverticular neck and particularly the external sphincter mechanism [9]. In our experience transvaginal US did not provide delineation of the diverticular ostia or accurately define the relationship with the sphincter complex.…”

Introital and transvaginal ultrasound as the main tool in the assessment of urogenital and pelvic floor dysfunction: an imaging panel and practical approach

“…Demonstration by sonography of bladder wall thickening to 5 mm or above in a patient with an overactive bladder makes it likely that detrusor hyperactivity could be demonstrated by cystometry17. In Anglo‐American countries, the use of ultrasound for demonstrating morphological changes of the urethra, periurethral tissue and bladder16, 50, 20 is mostly restricted to the identification of urethral diverticula51–53 but radiographic techniques such as voiding cystourethrography or double balloon urethrography continue to be preferred for the diagnosis of diverticula54. As long as three‐dimensional ultrasound is available, it might improve the diagnostic outcome of sonography due to the reconstruction of the transverse plane16.…”

Color Doppler Imaging and 3-Dimensional Sonographic Findings of Urinary Bladder Leiomyoma

“…Application of transvaginal sonography has been advocated in the assessment of the lower female urinary tract, including the bladder and urethra, assisting in the noninvasive diagnosis of urethral diverticula, infected urethral cysts, periurethral leiomyomas, diffuse urethritis and urethral scarring or deformity after previous diverticulectomy, and bladder leiomyomas. 10,[12][13][14] With the use of transvaginal sonography, the prevalence of urinary bladder tumors occurring in postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding has been assessed. 15 Among 280 patients, 3 bladder tumors (2 malignant and 1 benign) were reported (prevalence of 1.07%).…”