Sonography of the eye.

Conventional B-mode Ultrasonography for Evaluation of Retinal Disorders

“…The ability of ultrasonography to show the outline of the mass as dome shape, regular surface or pedunculated mass, besides also demonstrating a coexisting RD has made it the most reliable non-invasive investigation available to us today. Though A scan further confirms the presence of an intra-ocular mass by reflectivity pattern, it is only an adjunct to the B mode in evaluating intra-ocular mass [4]. In our study, retinoblastoma formed 3% of the various ocular abnormalities noticed.…”

“…These indeterminate scans require A-mode scan for studying the amplitude reflectivity of such questionable membranes before arriving at a diagnosis [3]. In sagittal section, a total detachment looks like an isosceles triangle [4], which is open towards the anterior segment. In RD, the vitreous gel undergoes shrinkage causing new acoustic interfaces, thus increasing the echogenicity of the vitreous [5].…”

In utero detection of fetal cataracts

“…When cataracts are present, the boundary echoes are more prominent, and the substance of the lenses becomes echogenic. 7 We have shown that the same is true for the abnormal lens in utero.…”

Neuroimaging - Clinical Applications

“…The retrobulbar enlarged optic nerve sheath can therefore inflate as a consequence of raised pressure in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has been confirmed that the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) increases in patients with intracranial hypertension (Blaivas et al, 2005;Geeraerts et al, 2007;Girisgin et al, 2007;Karakitsos et al, 2006;Malayeri et al, 2005;Munk et al, 1991;Salgarello et al, 1996;Stone, 2009). ONSD alterations are correlated with head CT scan results in brain injured adults (Karakitsos et al, 2006) as well as with the invasive and noninvasive measurements of the ICP (Soldatos et al, 2008).…”

“…The modality is extremely safe and does not have any contraindications for use, except for ocular globe injuries (Munk et al, 1991). In most modern medical facilities, multipurpose ultrasound units with high-frequency transducers (>7.5 MHz) provide high lateral and axial precision (Berges et al, 2006).…”