Sonography of renal venous thrombosis in neonates and infants: can we predict outcome?

Kraft, Jeannette; Brandão, Leonardo R.; Navarro, Oscar M.

doi:10.1007/s00247-010-1817-1

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Quickly, the kidney becomes globular and hyperechoic with hypoechoic pyramids, with the eventual loss of corticomedullar differentiation. Doppler (done in postnatal studies) reveals the disappearance of venous flow, an elevated resistance index in the artery, with, occasionally, the appearance of reverse flow [10, 11]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava and Left Renal Vein in a Neonate

Kdous¹,

Khlifi²,

Brahem³

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Antenatal renal vein thrombosis is a rarely described diagnostic finding, with variable consequences on kidney function. We present the case of an affected fetus, born at 35-week gestation, with intrauterine oligohydramnios and two small kidneys. A renal ultrasound carried out after birth confirmed the presence of prenatal abnormalities. Renal vein thrombosis was not diagnosed at the time. The baby died 20 days later of kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, and polypnea with severe hypotrophy. Autopsy revealed atrophied kidneys and adrenal glands. The vena cava had thrombosis occupying most of its length. The right renal vein was normal, while the left renal vein was threadlike and not permeable. Histologically, there was necrosis of the left adrenal gland with asymmetrical bilateral renal impairment and signs of ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions. A review of thrombophilia was carried out and a heterozygous mutation in Factor V was found in both the mother and the child.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava and Left Renal Vein in a Neonate

Kdous¹,

Khlifi²,

Brahem³

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…Postnatal follow-up is recommended, as neonatal renal size appears to be the best predictor identified to date for long-term renal health. 7,14,28 In conclusion, fetal renal vein thrombosis is an uncommon diagnosis with characteristic sonographic findings, including renal enlargement, intrarenal vascular calcifications, and increased renal parenchymal echogenicity. The presence of these findings should prompt Doppler interrogation of the renal vein and IVC to confirm the diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Renal and IVC calcifications found in a neonate younger than 24 hours suggest that the “acute” episode of renal vein thrombosis actually occurred prenatally 7 , 14 , 15 , 26 , 27 . Studies on progression of findings in neonatal renal vein thrombosis report similar abnormalities as those seen prenatally, beginning with renal enlargement, increased echogenicity, and intrarenal echogenic streaks, with subsequent development of vascular collaterals, adrenal hemorrhage, an IVC thrombus, and/or vascular calcification 1 , 2 , 24 , 27 , 28 . Several of our fetal cases had calcified thrombi in the IVC at presentation, suggesting the actual insult occurred even earlier in utero.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Sonographic Findings in Fetal Renal Vein Thrombosis

Gerber

Bromley

Benson

et al. 2015

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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We present the sonographic findings of fetal renal vein thrombosis in a series of 6 patients. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 31.2 weeks. Four cases were unilateral, and 2 were bilateral. The most common findings were renal enlargement and intrarenal vascular calcifications, followed by increased renal parenchymal echogenicity. Inferior vena cava thrombosis was found in 4 patients and common iliac vein thrombosis in 2. Fetal renal vein thrombosis is an uncommon diagnosis with characteristic sonographic findings. The presence of these findings should prompt Doppler interrogation of the renal vein and inferior vena cava to confirm the diagnosis.

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“…It is responsible for 10 to 20 percent of all thrombotic manifestations in the neonatal period [3][4][5]. Neonates are more susceptible to renal vein thrombosis (RVT) due to immaturity of the hemostatic system, small vessel diameter and underlying diseases [1,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%