Sonography of entrapment neuropathies in the upper limb (wrist excluded)

Martinoli, Carlo; Bianchi, Stefano; Pugliese, Francesca; Bacigalupo, Lorenzo; Gauglio, Cristina; Valle, Maura; Derchi, Lorenzo E.

doi:10.1002/jcu.20067

Cited by 171 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Ultrasonography is a reliable method for the evaluation of the nerves of the elbow [1][2][3] and of the structures that may cause its compression [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elbow nerves: normal sonographic anatomy and identification of the structures potentially associated with nerve compression. A short pictorial-video article

2013

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Purpose To demonstrate usefulness of ultrasonography evaluation of the nerves of the elbow and of the structures that more frequently might cause its compression. Materials and methods Anatomic course of nerves, muscles, tendons, fibrous structures and bursae potentially associated with nerve compression syndromes were evaluated. Informed consent was obtained from each volunteer. Results Ulnar, median and radial nerves are always evaluable with ultrasonography as well as muscles and tendons potentially associated with nerve compression. The bursae cannot be sonographically explored unless distended by fluid. Conclusion Ultrasonography is a reliable method for the evaluation of the nerves of the elbow and of the structures that might cause its compression.

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“…Ultrasonography is a reliable method for the evaluation of the nerves of the elbow [1][2][3] and of the structures that may cause its compression [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elbow nerves: normal sonographic anatomy and identification of the structures potentially associated with nerve compression. A short pictorial-video article

2013

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“…Sometimes the axillary neurovascular bundle can be imaged with the patient's arm elevated in the posterior axillary fold as it enters the deltoid muscle; it then can be followed across the posterior shoulder with the patient's arm maintained in the neutral position. 18 Color Doppler sonography may help to identify the PHCA and confirm reduced blood flow in stress positions (abduction and external rotation of various degrees of the arm). A mechanism of intermittent compression of the nerve and artery as a result of shearing and closing down of the space by the teres major and teres minor muscles has been proposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound findings of teres minor denervation in suspected quadrilateral space syndrome

Brestas

Tsouroulas

Nikolakopoulou

et al. 2006

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Isolated teres minor denervation is an uncommon finding on sonographic examination. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with increased echogenity of the teres minor muscle and a slight reduction in muscle bulk. Investigation of a suspected axillary nerve lesion included a detailed sonographic examination of the posterior shoulder and the axillary space, followed by MR imaging and electrophysiologic testing. This case demonstrates the potential importance of examining rotator cuff muscles when performing sonographic examination of the shoulder in patients with persistent symptoms, no history of trauma, and absence of tendon tears.

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“…[1][2][3][4] Its advantages include the ability to screen extensive lengths of nerves quickly and with good resolution. It is painless, noninvasive, and inexpensive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral nerve size in normals and patients with polyneuropathy: An ultrasound study

Zaidman¹,

Al-Lozi²,

Pestronk³

2009

Muscle and Nerve

306

334

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Ultrasound has been used for visualizing peripheral nerve pathology. Our goal was to use ultrasound to quantitate the sizes of upper extremity nerves along their length in control subjects and patients with neuropathy. We measured median and ulnar nerve cross-sectional areas (NCSA) in the arms of 190 subjects, including 100 with neuropathies and 90 controls. We found that NCSAs in healthy child and adult controls were greater with increasing height, at proximal sites, and at sites of entrapment. Nerves were enlarged in all Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A (CMT-1A) (11 of 11; 100%), most chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) (31 of 36; 86%), half of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (8 of 17; 47%), but few axonal neuropathy (7 of 36, 19%) subjects. In GBS, nerve enlargement occurred early and with minimal electrodiagnostic abnormalities in some patients. We conclude that NCSA measured by ultrasound is a quantifiable marker of nerve features that should be corrected for patient characteristics and nerve site. NCSA is generally larger in demyelinating than it is in axonal polyneuropathies.

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Sonography of entrapment neuropathies in the upper limb (wrist excluded)

Cited by 171 publications

References 29 publications

Elbow nerves: normal sonographic anatomy and identification of the structures potentially associated with nerve compression. A short pictorial-video article

Elbow nerves: normal sonographic anatomy and identification of the structures potentially associated with nerve compression. A short pictorial-video article

Ultrasound findings of teres minor denervation in suspected quadrilateral space syndrome

Peripheral nerve size in normals and patients with polyneuropathy: An ultrasound study

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