Sonography of diffuse thyroid disease

Yuen, Hok Yuen; Ahuja, Anil T.

doi:10.1002/ajum.12001

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…HT may show as poorly defined, patchy hypoechoic areas and micronodular patterns consisting of multiple small (~ 2–6 mm) hypoechoic nodules. In GD, vascularity tends to be increased, while in HT, it is variable 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…HT may show as poorly defined, patchy hypoechoic areas and micronodular patterns consisting of multiple small (~ 2-6 mm) hypoechoic nodules. In GD, vascularity tends to be increased, while in HT, it is variable 18 . www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Tissue echogenicity of the thyroid gland on US depends on the organ's cellularity and vascularization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The relationship between ultrasound findings and thyroid function in children and adolescent autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases

Park

Hwang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To evaluate the association between thyroid echogenicity and heterogeneity seen on ultrasonography (US) and thyroid function in pediatric and adolescent populations with autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases (AITD). From 2000 to 2020, we reviewed thyroid ultrasound (US) images and thyroid function statuses in 133 children and adolescent AITD patients. Our review of the images focused on decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity, which were classified into four grades. Among patients with overt hypothyroidism or overt hyperthyroidism, 94.2% (65/69) showed a US grade of 3 or 4. In patients with subclinical hyper/hypothyroidism or euthyroidism, 45.3% (29/64) showed grades 1 or 2. There were no overt hyper/hypothyroidism patients with US grade 1. When we compared US grades according to thyroid status, more severe thyroid dysfunction was significantly associated with higher US grade (p = 0.047). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level differed significantly according to US grades when we evaluated hyperthyroid (p = 0.035) and hypothyroid (p = 0.027) states independently. 11 patients showed both US grade and thyroid function status changes on follow-up US. In children and adolescent AITD patients, there was an association between decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity on US and thyroid dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The relationship between ultrasound findings and thyroid function in children and adolescent autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases

Park

Hwang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The incidence of malignancy in an isoechoic nodule was found to be 26% whereas malignancy was seen in 63% of hypo echoic nodules. 5 In our study, out of 65 nodular lesions, 38 were mixed solid-cystic, 22 were predominantly solid, and five were predominantly cystic in composition. Out of 50 proven benign cases, 32 (64%) were mixed solid-cytic, 13 (26%) were solid, and 5 (10%) were cystic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Evaluation of thyroid nodules by ultrasonography with cytological and histopathological correlation

Mandal

Nandi

2023

Asian J Med Sci

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Background: Nodular thyroid is a common clinical entity. The optimum diagnostic strategy for the patient with nodular thyroid is still a matter of debate. A thyroid nodule is a well-defined discrete lesion, sonographically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Thyroid nodules occur with relatively high frequency in the general population with prevalence of 4–7% by palpation alone, 13%–67% by sonographic evaluation, and 50% at autopsy. It is estimated that 4–8% of adult women and 1–2% of adult men have thyroid nodules that can be felt on clinical examination. However, in contrast to high prevalence of thyroid nodules, the prevalence of thyroid malignancy is low. <7% of thyroid nodules are malignant. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) and color Doppler in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules and in comparing the findings with results of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 65 patients from 11–80 years age group of both sexes, presenting with thyroid nodules. All patients were evaluated by gray scale USG and color Doppler and then subjected to FNAC. Histopathology was done whenever required. The results of FNAC were compared with that of USG and color Doppler. Results: The majority of the cases presented were females between the age group of 21–50 years. Swelling in the anterior neck was the presenting complaint in all 65 cases (100%). The most of thyroid nodules were benign in nature. The sensitivity and specificity of US in diagnosing malignant lesions were 80% and 86%, respectively. The most common presentation was from the females in the age group of 21–50 years, with swelling in the anterior neck. Conclusion: USG with color Doppler is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic modality with a high sensitivity and specificity and is the single best radiological investigation for non-invasive evaluation of thyroid nodules. However, a combination of FNAC and USG gives optimum results and can avoid unnecessary surgery.

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“…HT may show as poorly de ned, patchy hypoechoic areas and micronodular patterns consisting of multiple small (~ 2-6 mm) hypoechoic nodules. In GD, vascularity tends to be increased, while in HT, it is variable 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association between ultrasonography echogenicity and heterogeneity and thyroid function in autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases in children and adolescents

Park

Hwang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose: To evaluate the association between thyroid echogenicity and heterogeneity seen on ultrasonography (US) and thyroid function in pediatric and adolescent populations with autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases (AITD).Methods: From 2000 to 2020, we reviewed thyroid ultrasound (US) images and thyroid function statuses in 133 children and adolescent AITD patients. Our review of the images focused on decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity, which were classified into four grades.Results: Among patients with overt hypothyroidism or overt hyperthyroidism, 94.2% (65/69) showed a US grade of 3 or 4. In patients with subclinical hyper/hypothyroidism or euthyroidism, 45.3% (29/64) showed grades 1 or 2. There were no overt hyper/hypothyroidism patients with US grade 1. When we compared US grades according to thyroid status, more severe thyroid dysfunction was significantly associated with higher US grade (p=0.047). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level differed significantly according to US grades when we evaluated hyperthyroid (p=0.035) and hypothyroid (p=0.027) states independently. 11 patients showed both US grade and thyroid function status changes on follow-up US.Conclusions: In children and adolescent AITD patients, there was an association between decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity on US and thyroid dysfunction.

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Sonography of diffuse thyroid disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 73 publications

The relationship between ultrasound findings and thyroid function in children and adolescent autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases

The relationship between ultrasound findings and thyroid function in children and adolescent autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases

Evaluation of thyroid nodules by ultrasonography with cytological and histopathological correlation

Association between ultrasonography echogenicity and heterogeneity and thyroid function in autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases in children and adolescents

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