Sonographic features of focal orchitis.

Lentini, Javier; Benson, Carol B.; Richie, Jerome P.

doi:10.7863/jum.1989.8.7.361

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fortunately, at Doppler evaluation (35). As the infection and inflammation evolve, the regions of hypoechogenicity become more localized (36). Since seminoma may appear as focal, multinodular, or diffuse regions of hypoechogenicity, the gray-scale US appearance may overlap.…”

Section: Testicular Hematomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Seminoma and Its Mimics:From the Radiologic Pathology Archives

Marko¹,

Wolfman²,

Aubin³

et al. 2017

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Testicular seminoma is the most common malignant tumor of the testis. It classically manifests as a painless mass. Radiologic evaluation with high-frequency ultrasonography (US) is critical for diagnosis. Seminomas are usually homogeneously hypoechoic masses at US. In challenging cases, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may help confirm that a mass is intratesticular and provide data for local staging. Computed tomography (CT) provides valuable information for staging, including the presence and size of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Testicular seminoma is treated with radical inguinal orchiectomy and is highly curable even at advanced stages of disease. Several neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions may mimic testicular seminoma at imaging. Benign mimics include segmental infarction, hematoma, infection, epidermoid cyst, adrenal rests, sarcoidosis, splenogonadal fusion, and sex cord-stromal tumors. Malignant mimics include nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, lymphoma, and metastases. These conditions are individually reviewed with emphasis on features that allow differentiation from seminoma. Spermatocytic tumor, formerly known as spermatocytic seminoma, accounts for only 1% of testicular tumors. It is distinct from classic seminoma, with unique histologic, molecular, and genetic features. It affects an older patient population than classic seminoma and demonstrates indolent clinical behavior. Radiologists serve a key role in diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of patients with seminoma. A thorough knowledge of related clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings will help the radiologist contribute to high-quality interdisciplinary care of affected patients.

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Section: Testicular Hematomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Seminoma and Its Mimics:From the Radiologic Pathology Archives

Marko¹,

Wolfman²,

Aubin³

et al. 2017

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“…Orchitis is rare in humans, and is usually associated with epididymitis 10 . Nonetheless, the testes can also become infected through hematogenous dissemination or lymphatic spread 15 . Acute inflammation can be seen as testicular enlargement with diffuse, focal, or multifocal hypoechoic areas 10,16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lymphoma and other lymphoproliferative diseases may appear as an infiltrative homogenous decrease in echogenicity within the testicle, or may mimic other testicular neoplasms as multiple hypoechoic to anechoic lesions surrounded by normal testicular tissue 10,21 . Neoplasia is often centrally located, well defined, and oval shaped, while peripheral, poorly defined, amorphous, or crescent‐shaped lesions are more common in orchitis 11,15 . In addition, inflamed testes tend to be mildly to moderately enlarged and maintain a normal oval shape and smooth contour, while testes with neoplastic involvement are more markedly enlarged and often globoid in shape with an irregular, lobulated contour 22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchitis in Two Dogs With Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Ober

Spaulding

Breitschwerdt

et al. 2004

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Two dogs with testicular swelling were sonographically diagnosed with orchitis and were subsequently diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Use of both gray scale and color Doppler sonography allowed for differentiation of orchitis from neoplasia and torsion. While only experimentally induced RMSF is reported to cause orchitis in dogs, it should be considered in any dog with vascular insult to the testes, especially when other signs of systemic illness are involved.

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“…Orchitis subsequently develops in 20-40% of patients as a consequence of direct spread of infection [21]. The testis may be enlarged and globally or focally hypoechoic, particularly in the area of the testis adjacent to the inflamed epididymis ( Figure 18, [10,48]. Colour Doppler can facilitate the diagnosis with detection of hyperaemia of the epididymis and testis which is found to be a reliable sign of epididymo-orchitis ( Figure 19, [46]) and in some cases may be florid [49].…”

Section: Infective/inflammatory Conditions Epididymitis and Epididymomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound imaging of the “on call” acute scrotum

Miles¹,

Freeman²

2013

Imaging

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Causes of the acute scrotum 1. Vascular -Spermatic cord torsion -Torsion of the appendix testis 2. Trauma -Testicular rupture/fracture -Haematoma/haematocele -Penetrating injury 3. Infective/Inflammatory -Epididymitis/epididymo-orchitis -Testicular abscess -Fournier's gangrene 4. Miscellaneous -Acute idiopathic scrotal oedema -Inguinoscrotal hernia -Testicular tumours -Henoch-Schonlein purpura Torsion of the spermatic cord-Is a surgical emergency-irreversible ischaemia occurs after 6 h -Represents 17% of all acute scrotal presentations, the incidence is 1 in 4000 males -Intravaginal torsion is associated with the bell-clapper deformity. Presentation is most commonly between the ages of 12-18 years -Extravaginal torsion is rare and occurs in utero or the perinatal period, the testis is usually unsalvageable -Greyscale ultrasound may be normal in immediate post-torsion period. Following this, sonographic changes frequently mimic acute epididymo-orchitis. -Lack of flow or diminished flow on colour/power Doppler implies torsion.Incomplete torsion will demonstrate a high resistance arterial waveform on spectral Doppler imaging Testicular trauma -The peak age range is 15-40 years -Blunt trauma secondary to sporting injury is the commonest cause -The main purpose of ultrasound examination in blunt trauma is to assess the integrity of the tunica albuginea and perfusion of the testicular parenchyma -Testicular rupture requires urgent surgical exploration to preserve normal endocrine function; surgery may also be required for large haematomas that are compressing the testis

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Sonographic features of focal orchitis.

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Testicular Seminoma and Its Mimics:From the Radiologic Pathology Archives

Testicular Seminoma and Its Mimics:From the Radiologic Pathology Archives

Orchitis in Two Dogs With Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Ultrasound imaging of the “on call” acute scrotum

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