Sonographic Evaluation of Liver Hemodynamic Indices in Overweight and Obese Dogs

Belotta, Alexandra Frey; Teixeira, Carlos Roberto; Padovani, Carlos Roberto; Rahal, Sheila Canevese; Mayer, Monique N.; Mamprim, Maria Jaqueline

doi:10.1111/jvim.14883

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to the hypothesis, obesity and congestion index were not positively associated. In a recent study, 8 obese dogs were shown to have lower mean portal velocity and PBFV as compared to dogs of ideal body condition. In obese humans, hepatocytes enlarge because of lipid droplets, which results in compression of hepatic vessels and hence increased vascular resistance and decreased compliance 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Each gallbladder wall and vessel cross‐sectional area were measured twice by a single observer (a radiology resident under supervision of a board‐certified veterinary radiologist) and the measurements averaged. Congestion index and PBFV were calculated as previously described 8 . Additionally, the medical record was used to collect the following variables: final diagnosis, breed, sex, neuter status, age, weight, body condition score (BCS), sedation duration, other drugs used, and heart rate during sedation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedation with dexmedetomidine is associated with transient gallbladder wall thickening and peritoneal effusion in some dogs undergoing abdominal ultrasonography

Seitz

Lee

Woodruff

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Dexmedetomidine often is used for sedation before or during abdominal ultrasonography. The effect of dexmedetomidine on gallbladder wall thickness is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate the relationship between dexmedetomidine administration and gallbladder wall thickening in dogs. The hypothesis was that sedation with dexmedetomidine will cause transient gallbladder wall thickening. Gallbladder wall thickness will be associated with duration of sedation and recumbency position. Animals Seventy‐nine client owned dogs and 10 healthy research dogs. Methods A prospective observational study (n = 79) was used to establish the prevalence of gallbladder wall thickening (> 2.0 mm) after sedation with dexmedetomidine. A randomized, crossover study (n = 10) was used to evaluate the effect of time and recumbency position on the development of gallbladder wall thickening. Linear mixed models were used. Results The proportion of client‐owned dogs that developed gallbladder wall thickening was 24.05% (19/79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1%‐35.0%) with a median dose of dexmedetomidine of 5.0 μg/kg (range, 2.0‐12.5 μg/kg). After sedation, the proportion of research dogs that developed gallbladder wall thickening in left lateral (5/10, 50%; 95% CI, 18.7%‐81.3%) and dorsal (7/10, 70%; 95% CI, 34.8%‐93.3%) recumbency did not differ significantly (P = .45). Gallbladder wall thickening developed within 20 to 40 minutes. Duration of sedation was significantly associated with thickening of the gallbladder wall (P < .001). Five dogs developed 9 instances of peritoneal effusion in both lateral (5) and dorsal (4) recumbency. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Sedation with dexmedetomidine is associated with gallbladder wall thickening (> 2.0 mm) and peritoneal effusion that could be confused with pathologic etiologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedation with dexmedetomidine is associated with transient gallbladder wall thickening and peritoneal effusion in some dogs undergoing abdominal ultrasonography

Seitz

Lee

Woodruff

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this study, most of the animals were mixed breed. The authors have attributed it of some country bias, since it is one of the most common breeds in Brazil [5,8,14,24,30,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection criteria for inclusion of the animals were based on the complete history, compatible clinical signs to the disease, laboratory exams such as CBC (PocH-100iv Diff, Sysmex) 2 , urinalysis, and biochemical profile (Cobas Mira Plus, Roche) 3 , Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) was monitored by non-invasive Doppler (Doppler Ultrasound device) 4 , and abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation (Mylab AlphaVET, Esaote) 5 . Dogs diagnosed with concurrent AKI, sepsis, pancreatitis, coagulation disorder, infectious disease, and nephrolithiasis or had a previous history of familial or congenital renal disease, congestive heart failure, autoimmune disease, and neoplasia were automatically excluded from the study.…”

Section: Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Transversal Study of Biochemical Profile, Urinalysis, UPC, Electrolytes and Blood Pressure in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease

Ribeiro

Liguori

Sueur

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects both dogs and cats, mainly elderly animals, due to tubulointerstitial inflammation associated with the increase of fibrosis through the excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) which leads to decrease glomerular filtration. Many different underlying renal diseases can affect the kidneys of dogs such as congenital or acquired in origin. Therefore, the main objective of this transversal study was to evaluate the epidemiology through clinical and laboratory evaluation of 225 client-owned dogs with CKD.Materials, Methods & Results: Complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, and biochemical profile were retrospectively selected and evaluated from 225 client-owned dogs with CKD of both sexes, different ages, and breeds from the patient population of the Nephrology and Urology Small Animal Service of the Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - São Paulo State University from 2011 to 2017. All dogs were divided in groups according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD grading and statistical analysis was performed according to Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test complemented with Dunn's multiple comparisons test, and analysis of variance for the model with a factor complemented with the test of multiple comparisons of Tukey. In this retrospective study, we observed that most dogs in all groups were elderly (≥ 9 years old). CBC demonstrated lower RBC’s (P < 0.005), hemoglobin (P < 0.001), hematocrit (Ht%) [P < 0.001] at the highest stage of the disease. However, urinary specific gravity (USG) did not demonstrate significant differences between the disease stages, but urinary protein: creatinine ratio (UPC) was statistically different (P < 0.01) between IRIS-CKD stages 1 and 4. Furthermore, serum phosphate concentrations demonstrated significantly higher levels in dogs at IRI-CKD stage 4 compared with IRIS-CKD stage 3 (P < 0.001).Discussion: The analysis of 225 dogs with CKD showed that 130 animals were elderly, older than 9 years, and according to previous studies, 15% of dogs over 10 years of age are diagnosed of CKD, presenting significant morbidity and mortality. Laboratory findings such as the presence of non-regenerative anemia is expected in dogs with CKD. In our study, the degree of anemia corresponded with the stage of the disease, similarly to serum creatinine concentrations. Another important laboratory finding in diagnosing CKD is the early detection of the kidney's abilities in concentrating its tubular filtrate. In this retrospective study, isosthenuria was not significant due to all dogs presented CKD as criteria of inclusion, especially those without azotemia, although, proteinuria was reported in 90% of the population investigated. Electrolyte imbalances are also expected in CKD. However, despite serum sodium, potassium, and total calcium did not demonstrate significant results, serum phosphate had its significance between IRIS-CKD stage 3 and stage 4. Hence, despite the age factor of most dogs in all groups, with the association of laboratory results such as serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, ionized calcium, erythrogram, isosthenuria, SBP, and the degree of proteinuria, it was possible to perform early diagnosis of CKD even in dogs with IRIS-CKD Stage 1 in a stable and hydrated patient. With the proper diagnostic, staging and substaging according to IRIS guidelines, these parameters can be monitored, predicting longevity and good quality of life, or progression of the disease with a more reserved prognosis.

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“…In veterinary medicine, spectral Doppler examinations of hepatic veins have been carried out. These investigations were used for the analysis of different hemodynamic conditions in healthy anesthetized dogs, to estimate central venous pressure, in patients with different degrees of tricuspid insufficiency, as well in overweight and obese dogs . However, this technique has not been widely used for assessment of the RV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Doppler spectrum of hepatic veins and correlation with structural and functional variables of the right ventricle in healthy dogs

Silva

Froes

Gil

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Spectral Doppler assessment of hepatic veins may provide information on heart function. Hypothesis/Objectives: To assess the normal pattern of hepatic venous flow using spectral Doppler ultrasound examination; to correlate this information with structural and functional variables of the right ventricle (RV), and to analyze the impact of age, sex, body weight quartiles, heart rate, cardiac rhythm, and systolic arterial pressure on the results in healthy dogs.Animals: Sixty-five healthy dogs.Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. The direction and maximum velocity of each of the 4 possible components of venous flow were determined from pulsed-wave Doppler examination of the hepatic veins. In addition, structural and functional parameters (TAPSE, longitudinal strain, FAC%, S 0 , E t /A t, and E 0 t / A 0 t ) of the RV were evaluated. Results: The same phase patterns for different waves were seen in all animals: A and V were retrograde waves, and S and D were anterograde waves. The velocity of the spectral waves increased with body weight (P < .05) and could be correlated with functional indices of the RV. A significant difference was found when comparing morphometric indices with body weight quartiles (P < .05). In addition, intra-and inter-observer assessments showed low variability. The mean duration of the examinations was 5.2 minutes.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hepatic spectral Doppler findings can be correlated with systolic and diastolic indices of the RV and vary with body weight. K E Y W O R D S diagnosis, echocardiography, hemodynamics, ultrasonography 1 | INTRODUCTION Normal hepatic venous blood flow has low velocity and a pulsatile pattern that reflects the changes in right atrial pressure throughout the Abbreviations: A 0 , velocity of the tricuspid annulus systolic excursion in late diastole; BW, body weight; CV, coefficient of variation; E 0 , velocity of the tricuspid annulus systolic excursion in early diastole; FAC%, fractional area change; HR, heart rate; RV, right ventricle; S/D, ratio between the S and the D wave derived from hepatic venous Doppler; S 0 , velocity of the tricuspid annulus systolic excursion; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging.

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Sonographic Evaluation of Liver Hemodynamic Indices in Overweight and Obese Dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Sedation with dexmedetomidine is associated with transient gallbladder wall thickening and peritoneal effusion in some dogs undergoing abdominal ultrasonography

Sedation with dexmedetomidine is associated with transient gallbladder wall thickening and peritoneal effusion in some dogs undergoing abdominal ultrasonography

A Transversal Study of Biochemical Profile, Urinalysis, UPC, Electrolytes and Blood Pressure in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease

Characterization of Doppler spectrum of hepatic veins and correlation with structural and functional variables of the right ventricle in healthy dogs

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