Sonographic classification of draining pathways of obstructed hepatic veins in Budd‐Chiari syndrome

Abstract

Sonography provides accurate information regarding the blood-draining pathways of obstructed hepatic veins in Budd-Chiari syndrome, which may be helpful for treatment and follow-up.

Computed tomography angiography manifestations of collateral circulations in Budd-Chiari syndrome

“…CTA manifestations were consistent with the ultrasonic features described in our previous study ( 3 ). Blood from the obstructed HVs was drained to the IVC, right atrium, paraumbilical veins or inferior phrenic veins through various numbers of communicating branches of different diameters, and was then distributed to the corresponding systemic venous system.…”

Ultrasonographic Visualization of Accessory Hepatic Veins and Their Lesions in Budd–Chiari Syndrome

“…This blood-draining pathway relieves the symptoms caused by portal hypertension and IVC hypertension (Akaki et al 1995;Kamba et al 1995;Takayasu et al 1985). Hepatopetal flow in AHVs can be clearly observed on ultrasonography, on which basis a definite diagnosis can be made (Gai et al 2014a(Gai et al , 2014b.…”

“…Normally, small anastomoses are found between adjacent AHVs and hepatic veins or between hepatic veins and other hepatic veins. Most patients with BCS have a chronic condition and have hepatic vein obstruction (Gai et al 2014b;Zhou et al 2014). The continuous increased pressure resulting from obstructed hepatic veins may eventually transform the anastomoses into enlarged collaterals.…”

Diagnosis of the cavo-hepato-atrial pathway in Budd-Chiari syndrome by ultrasonography

“…In a previous study, we determined a number of ultrasonic features of draining pathways in BCS (10). In the present study, further investigation of the features of the cavo-hepato-atrial pathway was conducted, which provided additional information for the diagnosis of this rare pathway.…”