Sonographic Characterization of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disk With Anatomic Correlation and Histopathologic Findings

Kakitsubata, Yousuke; Theodorou, Stavroula J.; Theodorou, Daphne J.; Nabeshima, Kazuki; Kakitsubata, Sachiko; Tamura, Shozo

doi:10.7863/jum.2005.24.4.489

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Vacuum disc phenomenon refers to the radiographic appearance of gaseous collections in intervertebral disc space, usually in the lumbar region [ 49 – 51 ]. It is produced by the liberation of gas, mostly nitrogen, from surrounding tissues, and accumulation within cracks, clefts, or crevices, which form in the degenerated disc [ 49 , 52 – 55 ]. The incidence of discal VP increases with age, and it was reported in approximately 50% of subjects over 40 years of age [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbar Schmorl’s Nodes and Their Correlation with Spine Configuration and Degeneration

Abbas

Hamoud

Peled

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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The aim of this study was to reveal whether demographic aspect, vertebral morphometry, and spine degeneration are associated with lumbar Schmorl's nodes (SNs). A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Department of Radiology (Carmel, Medical Center, Israel) for 180 individuals: age range between 40 and 99 years; 90 males and 90 females. All participants had undergone high-resolution CT scans for abdominal diagnostic purposes in the same supine position prior to our study, which enabled the processing of the scans in all planes and allowed a 3D reconstruction of the lower lumbar region. Eighty individuals (44.4%) had at least one SN along the lumbar spine, particularly at L3-4 level (30%). Vertebral body length (L1 to L3) and width (L1 and L4) were significantly greater in the SNs group compared to non-SNs group. On contrast, disc height (L3-4 and L4-5) was significantly lesser in SNs group than non-SNs group. SNs was significantly associated with smoking (X2= 4.436, P=0.02) and degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (X2= 5.197, P=0.038). Moreover, the prevalence of SN was significantly greater in individuals with vacuum phenomenon and osteophytes formation (L1-2 to L4-5 levels). This study indicates that vacuum phenomenon on L3-4 (OR: 4.7, P=0.034), smoking habit (OR: 3.2, P=0.003), disc height loss of L4-5 (OR: 0.798, P=0.008), vertebral body length of L1 (OR: 1.37, P<0.001), and age (OR: 1.05, P=0.002) increase the probability of developing lumbar SNs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbar Schmorl’s Nodes and Their Correlation with Spine Configuration and Degeneration

Abbas

Hamoud

Peled

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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“…16 Though later application of high resolution linear probes readily demonstrated disc infrastructural anatomy in prepared cadaveric studies [Kakitsubata et al 2005], a lower frequency probe is probably required to visualize spinal anatomy in live patients.8…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transabdominal Imaging of the Lumbar Spine with Portable Ultrasound

Inklebarger

Leddy²,

Turner³

et al. 2018

ijmsci

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Research investigating human transadominal ultrasound imaging of the intervertebral disc which first took place in the mid to late 1980's, was limited by the technology of that time. Later transducer refinements, innovations in harmonic energy control and the digital change-over based on increasingly powerful computer platforms enabled progressive image enhancement with detailed imaging of deeper structures. With appropriate harmonic settings and probe selection, innovations in diagnostic ultrasound resolution now allow for more detailed anterior lumbar spine image capture even with portable machines. The images described in this paper may be the first published, high-resolution transabdominal images of the anterior lumbar spine captured with a portable ultrasound machine. Method: Using a both GE Logiq 9 with a 4C convex probe (1.5-4.5 MHz) and a GE Logiq E portable machine with a GE 4C-RS convex probe (2-5 MHz), transabdominal longitudinal and transverse paraspinal images of the lumbar spine were acquired in an asymptomatic subjects of normal body weight and habitus. Though the platform model offered somewhat higher resolution, the captured images obtained from the portable machine also demonstrated detailed anatomy of the anterior vertebral body and disc margin architecture. Transverse through images of the lumbar disc, spinal canal were also obtained, and as a side note the caudal nerve roots within the canal were also visualized. Conclusion: With careful machine settings and probe selection, detailed transabdominal lumbar spine image capture appears to be achievable even with a portable machines.

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“…On the axial plane, the echogenic nucleus pulposus is situated in the center of the disc, and a distinction between the nucleus and the annulus is feasible. Axial images show numerous, concentric fine echoes in the outer portion of the annulus fibrosus, corresponding to its multilayered architectural structure [26] (Figure 11).…”

Section: Pathologic and Imaging Correlation: The Concept Of Exact Str...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Discovertebral Segment, Part 1: An Imaging Review of Normal Anatomy

Theodorou¹,

Theodorou²,

Gelalis³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The intervertebral disc is designated the most important cartilaginous articulation of the vertebral column that functions to withstand compressive biomechanical forces and confer strength and flexibility to the spine. A thorough study of the complex fine structure and anatomic relationships of the intervertebral disc is essential for the characterization of the integrity of each individual structure in the discovertebral segment. This elaborate work in human cadavers explores the sophisticated internal structure of the normal intervertebral disc and the discovertebral segment, providing detailed data derived from the dissection of specimens through imaging and close anatomic-histologic correlation. Familiarity with the normal appearances and basic functional properties of the lumbar intervertebral disc and discovertebral segment is fundamental for the recognition of aberrations that may have important clinical implications in patients with low back pain. In Part I of this article, the anatomic structure and features of the discovertebral complex in adults will be described.

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Sonographic Characterization of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disk With Anatomic Correlation and Histopathologic Findings

Abstract: High-resolution sonography is a simple imaging method that can show the normal lumbar intervertebral disk and degenerative changes in appropriate subjects. High-resolution sonography proves superior to conventional sonography for evaluation of the lumbar intervertebral disk.

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Lumbar Schmorl’s Nodes and Their Correlation with Spine Configuration and Degeneration

Lumbar Schmorl’s Nodes and Their Correlation with Spine Configuration and Degeneration

Transabdominal Imaging of the Lumbar Spine with Portable Ultrasound

Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Discovertebral Segment, Part 1: An Imaging Review of Normal Anatomy

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