Sonographic assessment of the ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis in 616 individuals

Schulz, Ronald; Schiborr, Manfred; Pfeiffer, Heidi; Schmidt, Sven; Schmeling, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s12024-013-9440-8

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This exposure raises ethical concerns, even if the individual gives consent before the examination takes place. Bearing this in mind, non-invasive imaging procedures such as ultrasound examination (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have recently been applied to minimize radiation exposure of the individual examined [11][12][13][14][15]. It is because of the need to compare the results with those of previous plain X-ray studies that anatomical areas such as the sternal end of the clavicle, the hand and wrist, and the iliac crest have been studied.…”

Section: X-ray Free Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual anthropology: useful radiological tools for age assessment in clinical forensic medicine and thanatology

et al. 2015

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Virtual anthropology consists of the introduction of modern slice imaging to biological and forensic anthropology. Thanks to this non-invasive scientific revolution, some classifications and staging systems, first based on dry bone analysis, can be applied to cadavers with no need for specific preparation, as well as to living persons. Estimation of bone and dental age is one of the possibilities offered by radiology. Biological age can be estimated in clinical forensic medicine as well as in living persons. Virtual anthropology may also help the forensic pathologist to estimate a deceased person's age at death, which together with sex, geographical origin and stature, is one of the important features determining a biological profile used in reconstructive identification. For this forensic purpose, the radiological tools used are multislice computed tomography and, more recently, X-ray free imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound investigations. We present and discuss the value of these investigations for age estimation in anthropology.

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Section: X-ray Free Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual anthropology: useful radiological tools for age assessment in clinical forensic medicine and thanatology

et al. 2015

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“…Work on age-staging ossification of the medial clavicular bone has attracted particular intention; assessments may be made by X-ray [3,4], CT [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], ultrasonography [18,21,22], or magnetic resonance imaging [23][24][25]. During the last few years, CT has mainly been performed for research purposes in the forensic sciences; thus, it is recognized that the study of thin sections at high resolution may help eliminate mistakes by allowing more detailed assessments [6,8,10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last few years, CT has mainly been performed for research purposes in the forensic sciences; thus, it is recognized that the study of thin sections at high resolution may help eliminate mistakes by allowing more detailed assessments [6,8,10,12]. Many researchers have also studied other noninvasive methods besides CT such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, which also have some advantages (no exposure to radiation) and are being used increasingly more often [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of forensic age using substages of ossification of the medial clavicle in living individuals

Ekizoğlu¹,

Hocaoğlu

İnci

et al. 2015

Int J Legal Med

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Forensic age estimation based on staging of ossification of the medial clavicular bone is one of the methods recommended by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics of the German Association of Forensic Medicine. In the present study, we analyzed the stages of ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyses on thin-sliced (1 mm) computed tomography (CT) images using the substages defined within stages 2 and 3. The retrospective CT analysis involved 193 subjects (129 males, 64 females) ranging in age from 13 to 28 years. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and ossification stage in both male and female subjects. Stage 3c was first observed at 19 years of age in both sexes and may thus serve as a valuable forensic marker for determining an age of 18 years. Although further research is needed on the ossification stages of the medial clavicular epiphyses, the present findings could contribute to existing reports on observers' experiences using CT analysis of ossification combined with analysis of substages.

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“…Some age estimation studies have adopted an anatomical perspective by assessing ossification by direct skeletal inspection [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], whereas other studies have adopted a radiological approach by using technologies such as X-ray [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], CT [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], ultrasonography [35,[39][40][41], or magnetic resonance imaging [42,43]. CT imaging and projection radiography have significant advantages and are the modalities suggested by AGFAD [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of age estimation in forensic medicine by examination of medial clavicular ossification from thin-slice computed tomography images

Gürses¹,

İnanır

Gökalp

et al. 2016

Int J Legal Med

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Forensic age estimation, a recent topic of research in forensic medicine, is of primary importance to criminal and civil law. Previous studies indicate that the observation of medial clavicular ossification allows for age discrimination along the completed 18th and 21st years of life. Experts recommend that the Schmeling and Kellinghaus methods be used together. In this study, we used these staging methods to retrospectively analyze 725 case studies (385 males, 340 females) of thin-slice computed tomography (CT) images, ranging from 0.6 to 1 mm in thickness, from individuals aged 10 to 35 years. Stage 1 was found at 18 years of age maximum for males, whereas it was found at 17 years of age for females. Stage 2a was found at 18 years of age maximum for both genders. Stage 3c was initially observed at 18 years for both genders. Stage 4 was initially found at 21 years for males and 20 years for females. Stage 5 was initially observed at 25 years for both genders. Of note, stage 3c was found close to 19 years of age for both genders (18.92 years for male, 18.99 years for female), and it may be employed to differentiate along the age majority cutoff. The data obtained from our study were consistent with previous studies. We believe that such a comprehensive database will greatly contribute to future studies focusing on medial clavicular ossification based on thin-slice CT. Moreover, we also recommend that if medial clavicular ossification based on CT is to be examined for forensic age estimation, both methods should be employed together.

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Sonographic assessment of the ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis in 616 individuals

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Virtual anthropology: useful radiological tools for age assessment in clinical forensic medicine and thanatology

Virtual anthropology: useful radiological tools for age assessment in clinical forensic medicine and thanatology

Estimation of forensic age using substages of ossification of the medial clavicle in living individuals

Evaluation of age estimation in forensic medicine by examination of medial clavicular ossification from thin-slice computed tomography images

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