Sonographic Appearance of the Normal Appendix in Adults

Yabunaka, Koichi; Katsuda, Toshizo; Sanada, Shigeru; Fukutomi, Tsunemasa

doi:10.7863/jum.2007.26.1.37

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It seems that many factors, including race, are involved in determining the position of the appendix. Our findings were similar to studies of Denjalić et al [7] and Golalipour et al, conducted in Iran [15], who have evaluated the patients in surgery ward, study of Yabunaka et al [16] who have evaluated the size of appendix by sonography, and study of Ahmed et al [17] who have estimated the appendix size during therapeutic laparotomy. The most common position of appendix has been pelvic position in all of these studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Variation in Anatomical Position of Vermiform Appendix among Iranian Population: An Old Issue Which Has Not Lost Its Importance

Ghorbani

Forouzesh

Kazemifar

2014

Anatomy Research International

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Vermiform appendix has diverse anatomical positions, lengths, and conditions of mesoappendix. Knowing the exact anatomical position of vermiform appendix is important in view of surgeons for on-time diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis. The aim of present study is determination of these characteristics of vermiform appendix among Iranian population. The present study was conducted on 200 bodies, selected from the dead bodies that had been referred to local bureau of legal medicine, Zenjan province, Iran, for medicolegal autopsy since 21 Mar 2010 to 21 Mar 2011. According to the results, the anatomical positions of the appendix were pelvic, subcecal, retroileal, retrocecal, ectopic, and preileal in 55.8%, 19%, 12.5%, 7%, 4.2%, and 1.5% of the bodies, respectively. The mean length of vermiform appendix was 91.2 mm and 80.3 mm in men and women, respectively. Mesoappendix was complete in 79.5% of the bodies. No association was found between sex and anatomical position of vermiform appendix. Anterior anatomical position was the most common position for vermiform appendix. It is inconsistent with most related reports from western countries. It might be possible that some factors, such as race, geographical changes, and dietary habits, play roles in determining the position of vermiform appendix.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Variation in Anatomical Position of Vermiform Appendix among Iranian Population: An Old Issue Which Has Not Lost Its Importance

Ghorbani

Forouzesh

Kazemifar

2014

Anatomy Research International

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“…The area located between the psoas muscle and the abdominal wall was the most depicted location for the normal appendix (75%). In contrast, the retrocecal region was the least frequent location for the depiction of the normal appendix [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to other study, the retrocecal appendix is the most common position [ 27]. While in another study the least frequent location is the retrocecal position [24]. Retrocecal localisation is a position where the appendix is difficult to detect by US, which cautions against the method we used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appendiceal lumen was evaluated and classified as lumen without content or lumen with gas, faeces, fluid or fecalith. The appendix was classified according to the position of its tip as retrocecal (posterolateral or posterior to the cecum), abdominal (appendix in the abdomen, above anterior iliac crests), mid-pelvic (in the pelvis, proximal to the iliac vessels) and deep pelvic (in the pelvis, distal to the iliac vessels) in several studies [24][25][26][27]. On the other hand, we used the level of iliac vessels as a reference line to define the appendix position in the right iliac fossa (Figure 1).…”

Section: Bulgularmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A different view of the sonographic classification of the appendix

2016

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Aim: We intended to detect various appendix localisations with a classification system different from those used in previous literature to facilitate the sonographic detection of the appendix. Patients and methods:The study was performed on 362 consecutive patients who applied to our department for abdominal or pelvic US examination to our department. The sonographic criterion used to diagnose a normal appendix was visualization of the full extension of a compressible, blind-ending tubular structure with a maximum transverse diameter of 6 mm. Appendices were evaluated by US and localisations were recorded and classified according to the reference line passing through the iliac vessels in the right iliac fossa.Results: Each appendix was classified as type 1 to 8 according to its location. Type 1 crossed the iliac vessels (85.5%), type 2 was medial to the iliac vessels (2.41%), type 3 was inferior and lateral to the cecum (1.93%), type 4 was in the right paracolic gutter (4.34%), type 5 was completely retrocecal (1.93%), type 6 was in front of the cecum (1.45%), type 7 extended to the umbilicus (0.97%) and type 8 was subhepatic with cecal malposition (1.45%). Conclusion:The study demonstrated a new classification system (types 1-8) different from those described in previous literature. The most common position of the normal and abnormal appendices in our study was crossing the iliac vessels (type 1). The second most common position was the right paracolic gutter (type 4). Two interesting localisations extended to the umbilicus (type 7) and appeared in the subhepatic space (type 8).

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“…In many cases, therefore, changes associated with abdominal pain may facilitate visualization of the appendix. Wiersma et al [30] found that in pediatric subjects, a normal appendix was depicted more frequently than in adults, possibly because there is less attenuation of the ultrasonic beam by subcutaneous fat and muscle, which are thinner in pediatric subjects [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for distinguishing the appendix from ileal segments sonographically: a different perspective

İnal¹,

Daphan²,

Bilgili³

2016

Ortadogu Tıp Derg

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Aim: We aimed to establish the new and objective criteria that can be used for distinguishing the normal or pathological appendix from ileal segments sonographically. Materials and Methods:Long diameter, short diameter, mean diameter, circularity index (CI), and diameter index (DI) in mm on transverse images of normal and pathological appendices, and the others form of the ileum, were calculated.Results: DI, CI, long dimension show high sensitivity and specificity in discrimination of the normal or pathological appendix from ileal segments.Conclusion: DI, CI, and long dimension are effective and objective criteria for distinguishing normal or pathological appendix from ileum sonographically.

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Sonographic Appearance of the Normal Appendix in Adults

Abstract: The results show that the normal adult appendix can be revealed by sonographic visualization in a large series of asymptomatic patients.

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Variation in Anatomical Position of Vermiform Appendix among Iranian Population: An Old Issue Which Has Not Lost Its Importance

Variation in Anatomical Position of Vermiform Appendix among Iranian Population: An Old Issue Which Has Not Lost Its Importance

A different view of the sonographic classification of the appendix

Criteria for distinguishing the appendix from ileal segments sonographically: a different perspective

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