Sonographic Anatomy of the Skin, Appendages, and Adjacent Structures

Wortsman, Ximena; Wortsman, Jacobo; Carreño, Laura; Morales, Claudia; Sázunic, Ivo; Jemec, Gregor B. E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7184-4_2

Cited by 18 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Using transducers with very high frequency characterized lesions in the submillimeter range (down to 0.1 mm) can be identified. Gray-scale ultrasound (2D) allows a good characterization of the changes in the skin or in the nails [10]. Doppler ultrasound allows visualization of the blood vessels with details about the presence of vascularization, the normal or abnormal appearance, the flow direction and velocity.…”

Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guastalla et al suggested normal sonographic values of thickness in the different layers of the skin [12]. Ultrasonography may be useful to discriminate between inflammatory, vascular or tumoral pathology, not only for diagnosis, but also for monitoring the evolution under therapy and administered therapy efficiency assessment [10].…”

Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Containing a large amount of collagen fibers the dermis is visualized as a hyperechoic and homogenuous band, but less bright than the epidermis, whereas the subcutaneuous tissue (with fat lobules) is characteristically hypoechoic with hyperechoic lines generated by fibrous septa of connective tissue [13][14][15]. Arterial and venous vessels located subcutaneous appear as thin anechoic tubes, while the bone surface appears as a separate hyperecohoic line (fig 1a) [10].…”

Section: Ultrasonography Of the Healthy Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A continuous hyperechoic line below the nail bed corresponds to the dorsal bony margin of the distal phalanx (fig 1b). Doppler color and power Doppler ultrasound can detect the presence of low-velocity blood flow within arterial and venous vessels in the nail bed (fig 2) [10,13,18].…”

Section: Ultrasonography Of the Healthy Nailmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High frequency ultrasound (HFUS) represents a noninvasive imaging method which allows viewing the anatomical and physiologic details of the skin and nails and provide the morphological appearance of the skin and nail lesions, together with changes of the underlying tissue [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonography in psoriatic disease

et al. 2015

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Psoriasis represents a common, chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, nails and joints. Nail psoriasis in usually investigated and diagnosed by clinical examination. New insights support ultrasonography as being a non-invasive reliable imaging technique for studying nail and skin involvement in patients with psoriasis. Power Doppler frequency, higher than 10MHz enables a very sensitive detection and semiquantitative assessment of the blood flow at the dermal level and in the nail bed. In this review we will present the main US findings in skin and nail psoriasis, and discuss the importance of ultrasonography in diagnosing and monitoring psoriasis vulgaris.

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Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrasonography Of the Healthy Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrasonography Of the Healthy Nailmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonography in psoriatic disease

et al. 2015

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Seeing the unseen with superb microvascular imaging: Ultrasound depiction of normal dermis vessels

Corvino

Varelli

Cocco

et al. 2021

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Purpose: Current color-and power-Doppler techniques cannot demonstrate vascularization of the dermis. Aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether the new superb vascular imaging (SMI) technique improves the ultrasound (US) depiction of dermis vessels in healthy volunteers. SMI was compared side-byside to conventional power-Doppler (PD) imaging.Methods: Thirty adult subjects (18 men and 12 women, mean age 45 years old) were evaluated with US at level of five body areas: forehead, forearm, palm, buttock, and thigh. The vascular index (VI) was employed to objectively quantify the difference between SMI and PD imaging in terms of dermis flow amount.Results: Forehead VI was higher for SMI than for PD in 93% of cases, forearm VI was higher for SMI than for PD in 97% of cases, palm VI was higher for SMI than for PD in 87% of cases, buttock VI was higher for SMI than for PD in 100% of cases, thigh VI was higher for SMI than for PD in 100% of cases. SMI-detected vascular signals in 100% of the body areas. PD failed to show any flow signals from the forehead in 23% of cases, forearm in 37% of cases, palm in 33% of cases, buttock in 47% of cases, and thigh in 50% of cases. Conclusion: SMI can demonstrate normal dermis vascularization whereas conven-tional PD cannot. SMI is a sensitive and promising technique in the study of dermis abnormalities, particularly when quantifying the disease activity is important.dermal vessels, dermatology ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound (US), power-Doppler (PD), superb microvascular imaging (SMI) | INTRODUCTIONThe skin is composed by the epidermis and the dermis, the latter consisting for 70% of connective tissue. [1][2][3] Dermis thickness varies in the different body areas, decreasing with aging. [1][2][3][4] The dermis has an intense vascularization, particularly in its deeper aspect. [1][2][3] This vascular network serves a number of vital functions such as nutritional support for tissues and homeostasis. 5 However, dermis vessels are usually not Abbreviations: PD, power Doppler; SMI, superb microvascular imaging; US, ultrasound; VI, vascular index.We confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

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The clinical application of ultrasonography with superb microvascular imaging‐a review

Tang

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2022

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is among the latest doppler ultrasound methods. It uses an advanced clutter filter to eliminate artifacts caused by breathing, movement and retains the low‐speed blood signals in microvessels. The great advantage of SMI is that it can intuitively detect very slow blood signals in microvessels, providing clinicians with more significant information about flow distribution in the target area. Therefore, it is speculated that SMI has important application value. The purpose of this article is to outline the application of SMI in different parts of the body.

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Sonographic Anatomy of the Skin, Appendages, and Adjacent Structures

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Ultrasonography in psoriatic disease

Ultrasonography in psoriatic disease

Seeing the unseen with superb microvascular imaging: Ultrasound depiction of normal dermis vessels

The clinical application of ultrasonography with superb microvascular imaging‐a review

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