Sonochemical Synthesis of Mesoporous Tin Oxide

Abstract

Nanosize mesoporous tin oxide was prepared by a sonochemical approach, using tin ethoxide as the inorganic precursor and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the organic structure-directing agent. The formation of mesoporous SnO2 was confirmed by comparing its wide-angle X-ray diffractograms and IR spectra with previously reported data. The pore sizes measured from transmission electron microscope photographs were on the order of 3-5 nm. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area is reported after calcination at various temperatures and solvent extraction. The N2 adsorption-desorption plot followed the H2 type hysteresis showing less defined pore size and pore distribution. The thermogravimetric analysis data show that most of the weight loss occurs in the temperature range of 40-400 °C in the as-prepared sample, indicating the removal of the surfactant. Approximately 32% of the sample weight is lost up to 400 °C, and the remaining tin oxide is stable. The porous tin oxide prepared in this way was used in dye-sensitized solar cells.

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles/electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) heterostructures: Controlled fabrication and high capacitive behavior

“…Especially, the nanosized SnO 2 has been widely used as promising gas sensors [4], catalyst supports [5], catalysts [6], transistors [7], dye-sensitized solar cells [8], electrochromic windows [9], transparent conducting electrodes [10], electrode for lithium ion batteries [11], supercapacitors [12], and so forth. Among the various applications, electrochemical supercapacitors, as a kind of new electrochemical energy storage devices, have attracted much attention due to their high specific capacitance, long cycle-life and rapid charging-discharging rates [13].…”

To investigate opulence of graphene in ZnO/graphene nanocomposites based dye sensitized solar cells

“…Though, DSSCs show lower photoconversion efficiency values but have a higher performance to cost ratio in comparison to silicon-based solar cells [7]. DSSC is a 3rd-generation solar cell [5] having capacitive nature that employs high band gap nanostructured semiconductors like TiO 2 , ZnO [8,9], Nb 2 O 5 , SrTiO 3 [10], SnO 2 [11] and their composites as photoelectrode materials. As ZnO is known to be a wide band gap (3.37 eV) n-type semiconductor that is identical to TiO 2 (3.23 eV) hence similar electron injection actions are expected for both these materials [12] Due to high electron mobility (~107 times more) and lower recombination rate, electron lifetime is considerably higher in ZnO as compared to TiO 2 .…”

Synthesis of SnO₂Microrods by the Thermal Evaporation of Sn Powders

“…4) Accordingly, various structural and morphological forms of SnO 2 materials have been fabricated over the past several years, including nanowires, 5-7) nanoribbons, [8][9][10][11] nanorods, [12][13][14] nanodiskettes, 15,16) and mesoporous powders and thin films. [17][18][19] One of the most interesting and urgent challenges in materials science is the fabrication of one-dimensional (1-D) material of different sizes; smaller diameter nanorods can be utilized in the manufacture of nanoscale switching devices, whereas larger diameter rods can be useful for some optical devices and electronic applications. 20) In contrast with the extensive research that has been carried out on 1-D nanostructures as noted above, the synthesis of SnO 2 microrods, with larger diameters in a range of several to several tens of micrometers, has received relatively little attention.…”