“…As shown in Table 3, the magnetic moment of the doped sample is higher than that of the undoped sample, which can be used to explain the higher M S value of the substituted sample and the enhanced super exchange interaction of the doped samples [40]. It can be seen from Fig.…”
This research is the basic study of temperature-sensitive ferrite characteristics prepared by coprecipitation with doping different typical sizes of rare earth elements. Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Re x Fe 2-x O 4 (NZRF) (X = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09) nanoparticles (NPs) doped by Sc, Dy and Gd prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. The structure and properties of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Re x Fe 2-x O 4 were analyzed by various characterization methods. XRD results show that the grain size of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Re x Fe 2-x O 4 is from 10.6 to 12.4 nm, which is close to the average grain size of 13.9 nm observed on TEM images. It is also found that the ferrite particles are spherical and slightly agglomerated in TEM images. FTIR measurements between 400 and 4000 cm -1 have con rmed the intrinsic cation vibration of the spinel structure. The concentrations of nickel, zinc, iron, and rare earth elements have been determined by ICP-AES, and all ions have participated in the reaction. The magnetic properties of Sc, Dy, and Gd 3+ doped NZRF NPs at room temperature are recorded by a physical property measurement system (PPMS-9). It is found that the magnetization can be changed by adding rare-earth ions. When X = 0.07, Gd 3+ doped Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (NZF) exhibits the highest saturation magnetization. The magnetic properties of NZGd 0.07 vary the most with temperature. The thermomagnetic coe cient of NZGd 0.07 nanoparticles stabilized to 0.18 emu/gK at 0-100℃. Hence, NZGd 0.07 with low Curie temperature and the high thermomagnetic coe cient can be used to prepare temperature-sensitive ferro uid. All the samples exhibit very small coercivity and almost zero remanences, which indicates the superparamagnetism of the synthesized nanoparticles.
“…As shown in Table 3, the magnetic moment of the doped sample is higher than that of the undoped sample, which can be used to explain the higher M S value of the substituted sample and the enhanced super exchange interaction of the doped samples [40]. It can be seen from Fig.…”
This research is the basic study of temperature-sensitive ferrite characteristics prepared by coprecipitation with doping different typical sizes of rare earth elements. Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Re x Fe 2-x O 4 (NZRF) (X = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09) nanoparticles (NPs) doped by Sc, Dy and Gd prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. The structure and properties of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Re x Fe 2-x O 4 were analyzed by various characterization methods. XRD results show that the grain size of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Re x Fe 2-x O 4 is from 10.6 to 12.4 nm, which is close to the average grain size of 13.9 nm observed on TEM images. It is also found that the ferrite particles are spherical and slightly agglomerated in TEM images. FTIR measurements between 400 and 4000 cm -1 have con rmed the intrinsic cation vibration of the spinel structure. The concentrations of nickel, zinc, iron, and rare earth elements have been determined by ICP-AES, and all ions have participated in the reaction. The magnetic properties of Sc, Dy, and Gd 3+ doped NZRF NPs at room temperature are recorded by a physical property measurement system (PPMS-9). It is found that the magnetization can be changed by adding rare-earth ions. When X = 0.07, Gd 3+ doped Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (NZF) exhibits the highest saturation magnetization. The magnetic properties of NZGd 0.07 vary the most with temperature. The thermomagnetic coe cient of NZGd 0.07 nanoparticles stabilized to 0.18 emu/gK at 0-100℃. Hence, NZGd 0.07 with low Curie temperature and the high thermomagnetic coe cient can be used to prepare temperature-sensitive ferro uid. All the samples exhibit very small coercivity and almost zero remanences, which indicates the superparamagnetism of the synthesized nanoparticles.
“…Spinel ferrites are promising magnetic materials that are widely used in various fields, so lately, the sonochemical syntheses of novel spinel ferrite nanostructures have become an active research area. [74][75][76][77][78] For example, Almessiere, Slimani and coworkers produced a series of high-purity spinel ferrite compositions via the ultrasonic irradiation, such as [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93] They examined the structural properties, morphological properties, and physical properties (e.g., magnetic traits, optical traits, and electrical traits) of products, and even evaluated their biological characterization for potential anti-cancer and anti-bacterial capabilities. Additionally, they also utilized ultrasonic-assisted approaches to prepare many ferromagnetic 19 (x = 0.00~0.05) hexaferrites, and so on.…”
Ultrasound-assisted approaches, as an important trend in the material synthesis, have emerged in designing and creating nano/micro- structures. Here the review simply presents the basic principles of ultrasound irradiation including...
“…[5][6][7][8][9] By comparison, low-frequency ultrasound is widely used in research and industry to efficiently clean the debris from surfaces, or to purify the water by degrading contaminants, or to initiate the reduction, oxidation and hydrolysis reactions, or to accelerate crystallization and polymerizations. [10][11] For example, the sonolysis or ultrasonic catalysis, as one of advanced oxidation processes (AOP), has been exploited for the degradation of toxic organics in order to protect the aqueous environment, where ultrasound irradiation combining with other AOPs and/or oxidizing agents can enhance the reaction rate, decrease the processing conditions, and reduce the overall energy consumption. [12][13] Figure 1 lists the general applications of low-frequency ultrasound in chemistry, material, engineering and manufacturing fields, and many processes of them refer to the chemical effects from ultrasound.…”
Ultrasound irradiation covers many chemical reactions crucially aiming to design and synthesize various structured materials as an enduring trend in the frontier researches. Here we focus on the latest progress...
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