Sonochemical production of a carbon nanotube

Katoh, Ryuzi; Tasaka, Y.; Sekreta, Ellen; Yumura, Motoo; Ikazaki, Fumikazu; Kakudate, Y.; Fujiwara, S.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4177(99)00016-4

Cited by 62 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, when liquid benzene is sonicated with a horn-type 20 kHz sonicator under an argon atmosphere, about 1 mg of fullerene is formed following 1 h of sonication [6]. Under a similar irradiation regime, the formation of carbon nanotubes occurs with the sonication of liquid chlorobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene in the presence of ZnCl 2 [7]. Since carbon nanotubes were not produced in the absence of ZnCl 2 , it was inferred that ZnCl 2 acts as a catalyst in the formation of carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Application Of Ultrasound In Inorganic Synthesis 189mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Ultrasound in Inorganic Synthesis

Enomoto

Okitsu

2015

Sonochemistry and the Acoustic Bubble

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Section: Application Of Ultrasound In Inorganic Synthesis 189mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Ultrasound in Inorganic Synthesis

Enomoto

Okitsu

2015

Sonochemistry and the Acoustic Bubble

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“…This phenomenon is due to the extension of the p conjugate or the combination among benzene rings. Katoh et al reported that a trace amount of C60 [22] or a fair amount of CNT [23] (carbon nanotube) can be obtained by ultrasonicating benzene or benzene derivatives with a homogenizer in the presence of various solid particles in an ice bath to prevent excessive heating. Jeong et al [24] also reported that SWCNT (single-wall CNT) was obtained from p-xylene in the presence of ferrocene catalyst and silica particles.…”

Section: Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonoprocess of Ceramic Materials

Enomoto

2013

Handbook of Advanced Ceramics

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“…Other possible areas to explore are such as using ultra-high frequency sonication (i.e. >100 kHz, to limit the growth of bubbles/caviation), or by adding catalytic particles to anneal the defects formed in-situ (Katoh et al 1999). Post-sonication high temperature annealing (e.g.…”

Section: Ultrasonicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and rheology of carbon nanotubes in polymers

Huang

Terentjev

2008

Int J Mater Form

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We review two generic mechanisms of dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a low-viscosity solvent or high-viscosity polymer, focusing on the neat nanotubes not surface-functionalized in any way. We give estimates of the van der Waals energies involved in nanotube aggregates and examine two main techniques: ultrasonication and shear mixing. For ultrasonic dispersion methods, the local mechanical energy applied to individual tubes is high and bundle separation is assured in the cavitation regime. We analyze and estimate the tube scission during ultrasonic cavitation and predict the characteristic nanotube length L lim below which scission does not occur. For shearmixing, our analysis suggests that dispersion is possible in non-parallel bundled nanotube aggregates, in high-viscosity polymers, once a critical mixing time t * is reached. We then examine characteristic features of nanotube-polymer composite rheology and its aging/stability against re-aggregation. We show that at nanotube loading above overlap concentration the tubes form an elastic network in the matrix. Physical junctions of this network are strong and stable enough to provide a rubber-like elastic response with very slow relaxation.

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Sonochemical production of a carbon nanotube

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Application of Ultrasound in Inorganic Synthesis

Application of Ultrasound in Inorganic Synthesis

Sonoprocess of Ceramic Materials

Dispersion and rheology of carbon nanotubes in polymers

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