Sonochemical Compatibility of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyacrylic Acid Blend in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Ultrasonic velocities, viscosities, and densities of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (PA), and their mixtures (1:1 and 1:2) in aqueous solutions were measured. Various acoustic parameters were calculated as a function of concentrations of PVA, PA, and PVA-PA mixtures in water with the resonance method at ultrasound frequencies of 2, 3, 5, and 10 MHz at 30 • C. From the comparative results, the mode of interactions of the two polymers was shown to be due to hydrogen bonding. The bonding among the hydroxide groups of both macromolecules were verified by infrared spectroscopy. The explanations of the acoustic results were confirmed by the intrinsic viscosities of the ternary system. Significant interactions and compatibility of PVA/PA may lead to the development of pharmaceutically active molecules.

Tunable Physical Properties of Ethylcellulose/Gelatin Composite Nanofibers by Electrospinning

“…The apparent viscosities of the EG01, EG13, EG11, EG31, and EG10 solutions were 2.51, 6.74, 5.24, 13.40, and 8.53 Pa s, respectively. When the weight ratio of ethylcellulose content was less than 50%, the viscosity of the blend was higher than that of the gelatin solution and lower than that of the ethylcellulose solution, indicating good compatibility on blending . Further, a minimum viscosity was obtained when increasing the ethylcellulose ratio up to 50%, indicating the enhanced solution compatibility due to the reduced intramolecular and intermolecular forces of gelatin and the increased entanglements among ethylcellulose and gelatin.…”

“…When the weight ratio of ethylcellulose content was less than 50%, the viscosity of the blend was higher than that of the gelatin solution and lower than that of the ethylcellulose solution, indicating good compatibility on blending. 16 Further, a minimum viscosity was obtained when increasing the ethylcellulose ratio up to 50%, indicating the enhanced solution compatibility due to the reduced intramolecular and intermolecular forces of gelatin and the increased entanglements among ethylcellulose and gelatin. Ge et al reported that the reduced viscosity of the poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) systems with increasing PBMA content suggested good compatibility, due to the fact that the entry of PBMA molecules within the PAN threw apart the regularly arranged chains of PAN and broke up the molecular alignment to a certain extent.…”

“…It is universally accepted that the viscosity of solution was another reliable and desirable method to decide solution compatibility for a ternary (polymer−polymer−solvent) system. 16 The viscosity measurements have been applied to confirm the availability of the HSPs in prediction of solution compatibility. 30 Thus, the rheological experiments were performed and the results were presented in Table 2.…”

“…15 It has been reported that good solution compatibility contributes to improved spinnability, leading to excellent morphology and regular shape of fibers. 16,17 Thus, before electrospinning, a prediction of the polymer compatibility in solution is necessary. The Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs), involving three components of dispersive (δ d ), polar (δ p ), and hydrogen bonding (δ h ) energies, have been confirmed as a promising method for calculation of solution compatibility.…”