Sonocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of oil from the Zhanazhol oilfield

Sono-oxidative desulfurization of fuels using heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts: A comprehensive review

“…Nanoparticles improve the adsorption of sulfur compounds due to their large surface area [53] . Photocatalyst under UV [54] or visible light [55] , nano-sized silica particles including mesoporous silica [56] , aluminum oxide particles [57] , transition metal oxides [58] , activated carbons [59] , modified metal–organic frameworks [60] , Ni catalyst also called sponge metal [61] , nanocomposite [62] , graphene oxide [63] , activated carbon (AC)-supported phosphotungstic acid [64] and fly ash-modified fenton catalysts [65] are used. In the case of using heterogeneous catalysts, the catalytic ODS mechanism [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] is illustrated in Scheme 1 .…”

“…Uniform Ni skeletal catalyst was synthesized at a size of 2.5–10 µm under 90 kHz ultrasound and crude oil containing 2.645% S by weight is subjected to oxidation with two treatment cycles using a mixture of ozone-air and 0.2% by weight catalyst based on the oil volume for 5 min in a US bath with frequency of 22 kHz [61] . Sulfur removals from gasoline and diesel fractions in crude oil were found to be 52 and 27.4%, respectively, as well as improvement of gasoline and diesel fractions.…”

Unveiling the Potential of Cavitation Erosion-Induced Heavy Crude Oil Upgrading

“…Ultrasound-assisted oil desulfurization is also a highly attractive process [39][40][41][42][43]. The increased efficiency of ultrasound-assisted desulfurization compared to conventional hydrodesulfurization methods is due to the improved dispersion of the catalyst particles and, consequently, particle surface area [44], as well as increased catalytic activity resulting from localized increases in temperature and pressure, along with enhanced mass transfer [45]. On the other hand, ultrasound energy exhibits excellent performance in the demulsification and emulsification of oil-water emulsion types, depending on the characteristics of ultrasound energy [46][47][48][49][50][51].…”