Sonic Hedgehog in Nasal Mucus is a Biomarker for Smell Loss in Patients with Hyposmia

Henkin, Robert I.; Hosein, Suzanna; Stateman, William A.; Knöppel, Alexandra B.

doi:10.21767/2573-5365.100018

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These results are consistent with prior results of lowered nasal mucus Shh in patients with smell dysfunction . Based on the present results and those of other investigators, we hypothesize that Shh acts on stem or basal cells of taste buds to stimulate growth, development, and perpetuation of taste receptors and thereby activate and maintain taste function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The presence of Shh in human saliva is herein reported for the first time. Its presence in saliva and its lower concentration in patients with taste dysfunction compared to normals are consistent with data from our previous studies in which lower than normal levels of Shh were found in patients with smell dysfunction and from studies in which drugs which decreased Shh were associated with onset of taste dysfunction . The present results are also consistent with our hypothesis that Shh acts as a stimulator of taste receptor stem cells .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Sonic hedgehog is present in parotid saliva and is decreased in patients with taste dysfunction

Henkin

Knöppel

Abdelmeguid

et al. 2017

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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This is the first demonstration of Shh in human saliva. As Shh has been related to taste bud growth and development, its presence in saliva is consistent with its role as a cell signaling moiety involved with stimulation of taste bud stem cells to generate taste receptors. Decreased saliva Shh secretion can be considered a marker of taste dysfunction in patients with multiple pathologies for their dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sonic hedgehog is present in parotid saliva and is decreased in patients with taste dysfunction

Henkin

Knöppel

Abdelmeguid

et al. 2017

J Oral Pathology Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, the presence of Shh in human saliva could function in maintaining normal homeostasis. Additionally, reports of Shh in nasal mucus and reduced levels in hyposmic patients suggest possible Hh pathway functions in olfaction [103].…”

Section: Chemosensation Somatosensation Hh Signaling and Disrupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation

Mistretta

Kumari

2019

IJMS

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The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has regulatory roles in maintaining and restoring lingual taste organs, the papillae and taste buds, and taste sensation. Taste buds and taste nerve responses are eliminated if Hh signaling is genetically suppressed or pharmacologically inhibited, but regeneration can occur if signaling is reactivated within the lingual epithelium. Whereas Hh pathway disruption alters taste sensation, tactile and cold responses remain intact, indicating that Hh signaling is modality-specific in regulation of tongue sensation. However, although Hh regulation is essential in taste, the basic biology of pathway controls is not fully understood. With recent demonstrations that sonic hedgehog (Shh) is within both taste buds and the innervating ganglion neurons/nerve fibers, it is compelling to consider Hh signaling throughout the tongue and taste organ cell and tissue compartments. Distinctive signaling centers and niches are reviewed in taste papilla epithelium, taste buds, basal lamina, fibroblasts and lamellipodia, lingual nerves, and sensory ganglia. Several new roles for the innervation in lingual Hh signaling are proposed. Hh signaling within the lingual epithelium and an intact innervation each is necessary, but only together are sufficient to sustain and restore taste buds. Importantly, patients who use Hh pathway inhibiting drugs confront an altered chemosensory world with loss of taste buds and taste responses, intact lingual touch and cold sensation, and taste recovery after drug discontinuation.

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“…Recent studies using animal models have revealed that the olfactory mucus contributes more directly to odorant detection. Proteins in the olfactory mucus contribute to several pre-receptor events such as enzymatic metabolism of odorants and recruiting odorants to receptor sites 8 – 13 . Despite the importance of the presumed functions of olfactory mucus, the molecular identities of the actors responsible for these functions remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human olfactory cleft mucus proteome and its age-related changes

Yoshikawa

Wang

Jaén

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Age-related decreases in olfactory sensitivity are often accompanied by a decrease in the quality of life. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are not well described. Inhaled substances including odorants are detected by sensory neurons in the olfactory cleft covered with a layer of mucus. This olfactory mucus is the first molecular machinery responsible for tissue protection and for detection of environmental odorants. Yet, little is known about the molecular identities of the actors because of the lack of information on the mucus proteome and its age-related changes. Here, we sampled human mucus from different nasal locations and from young and elderly subjects. The composition of the mucus was extensively analyzed by shotgun proteomic analysis for a vast array of proteins. We also explored correlations between the levels of each mucus proteins with the olfactory sensitivity of subjects. This analysis revealed previously unrecognized proteins with potentially important functions in olfaction. Taken together, this report describes the most comprehensive catalogue of the nasal mucus proteins to date, their positional and age-related differences, and candidate proteins associated with olfaction. This catalogue will provide fundamental information useful for future studies, such as identification of olfactory auxiliary proteins, causes of age-related declines in olfaction, and biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders.

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Sonic Hedgehog in Nasal Mucus is a Biomarker for Smell Loss in Patients with Hyposmia

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Sonic hedgehog is present in parotid saliva and is decreased in patients with taste dysfunction

Sonic hedgehog is present in parotid saliva and is decreased in patients with taste dysfunction

Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation

The human olfactory cleft mucus proteome and its age-related changes

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