Somitic origin of limb muscle satellite and side population cells

Schienda, Jaclyn; Engleka, Kurt A.; Jun, Susan J.; Hansen, Mark; Epstein, Jonathan A.; Tabin, Clifford J.; Kunkel, Louis M.; Kardon, Gabrielle

doi:10.1073/pnas.0510164103

Cited by 189 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This population of progenitors gives rise to a fraction of the satellite cells residing in postnatal skeletal muscle (Gros et al 2005;KassarDuchossoy et al 2005;Relaix et al 2005;Schienda et al 2006). Dorsal muscles are formed from the epaxial part of the dermomyotome and myotome, whereas lateral trunk and limb muscles are derived from the hypaxial domains (Parker et al 2003).…”

Section: Somitogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many similarities, such as common transcription factors and signaling molecules, between embryonic myogenesis and regeneration in the mature skeletal musculature have been discovered (Tajbakhsh 2009). It is now generally accepted that satellite cells are closely related to progenitors of somitic origin (Gros et al 2005;Relaix et al 2005;Schienda et al 2006;Hutcheson et al 2009;Lepper and Fan 2010). How the uncommitted character, or the "stemness," of the embryonic founder cells is retained in satellite cells remains a matter of ongoing investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Building Muscle: Molecular Regulation of Myogenesis

Bentzinger¹,

Wang²,

Rudnicki³

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

926

878

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SUMMARYThe genesis of skeletal muscle during embryonic development and postnatal life serves as a paradigm for stem and progenitor cell maintenance, lineage specification, and terminal differentiation. An elaborate interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory mechanisms controls myogenesis at all stages of development. Many aspects of adult myogenesis resemble or reiterate embryonic morphogenetic episodes, and related signaling mechanisms control the genetic networks that determine cell fate during these processes. An integrative view of all aspects of myogenesis is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of muscle formation. This article provides a holistic overview of the different stages and modes of myogenesis with an emphasis on the underlying signals, molecular switches, and genetic networks.

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Section: Somitogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Muscle: Molecular Regulation of Myogenesis

Bentzinger¹,

Wang²,

Rudnicki³

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

926

878

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Embryonic myogenic progenitor cells that express the paired box transcription factors, Pax3 and its paralogue Pax7, enter the skeletal muscle programme when they begin to express the myogenic determination factors, Myf5 and MyoD 1 . This population of Pax3/7-positive progenitors is essential for skeletal muscle growth during development and also considered to be the source of adult MuSCs [2][3][4][5] . The expression of Pax7 is essential for the establishment and maintenance of adult MuSCs [6][7][8] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-195/497 induce postnatal quiescence of skeletal muscle stem cells

2014

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Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the major source for skeletal muscle regeneration in vertebrates, are in a state of cell cycle arrest in adult skeletal muscles. Prior evidence suggests that embryonic muscle progenitors proliferate and differentiate to form myofibres and also self-renew, implying that MuSCs, derived from these cells, acquire quiescence later during development. Depletion of Dicer in adult MuSCs promoted their exit from quiescence, suggesting microRNAs are involved in the maintenance of quiescence. Here we identified miR-195 and miR-497 that induce cell cycle arrest by targeting cell cycle genes, Cdc25 and Ccnd. Reduced expression of MyoD in juvenile MuSCs, as a result of overexpressed miR-195/ 497 or attenuated Cdc25/Ccnd, revealed an intimate link between quiescence and suppression of myogenesis in MuSCs. Transplantation of cultured MuSCs treated with miR-195/497 contributed more efficiently to regenerating muscles of dystrophin-deficient mice, indicating the potential utility of miR-195/497 for stem cell therapies.

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“…Pax3/7-expressing dermomyotomal cells have recently been shown to give rise to skeletal muscle progenitors, termed satellite cells, in the adult (Gros et al, 2005;Kassar-Duchossoy et al, 2005;Relaix et al, 2005;Schienda et al, 2006). Satellite cells are a small population of myogenic progenitors that reside between the sarcolemma and basal lamina of the muscle fiber, and they play a crucial role in postnatal muscle growth and regeneration (reviewed in Zammit et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Id3 Is a Direct Transcriptional Target of Pax7 in Quiescent Satellite Cells

Kumar

Shadrach

Wagers

et al. 2009

MBoC

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INTRODUCTIONPax3 and Pax7 are two closely related transcription factors that are expressed in the dermomyotome, and they have been shown to be essential for generation of all fetal trunk musculature . Pax3/7-expressing dermomyotomal cells have recently been shown to give rise to skeletal muscle progenitors, termed satellite cells, in the adult (Gros et al., 2005;Kassar-Duchossoy et al., 2005;Relaix et al., 2005;Schienda et al., 2006). Satellite cells are a small population of myogenic progenitors that reside between the sarcolemma and basal lamina of the muscle fiber, and they play a crucial role in postnatal muscle growth and regeneration (reviewed in Zammit et al., 2006). Following skeletal muscle injury or exercise-induced activation, the normally quiescent Pax7-expressing satellite cells proliferate extensively and up-regulate expression of MyoD (Smith et al., 2001;Yan et al., 2003;Montarras et al., 2005) and Myf-5 (Conboy and Rando, 2002;Yan et al., 2003), before differentiation into skeletal muscle.Pax3 and Pax7 are members of the Pax transcription factor family and contain both paired (PD) and homeodomain (HD) DNA binding motifs. Pax3 and Pax7 can bind to DNA sequences containing either a consensus paired domain binding site (GTCAC A/G C/G A/T T/C) or a homeodomain binding site (ATTA) (Chalepakis et al., 1994;Chalepakis and Gruss, 1995). Pax3 and Pax7 activate MyoD expression (Maroto et al., 1997;Tajbakhsh et al., 1997;Relaix et al., 2003Relaix et al., , 2004, and recently Pax3 has been shown to directly bind sequences that regulate the expression of either MyoD in C2C12 cells (Hu et al., 2008) or Myf-5 during development of hypaxial muscle (Bajard et al., 2006). Although it is clear that Pax3/7 can directly induce the expression of Myf5 (Bajard et al., 2006), MyoD (Hu et al., 2008), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (Lagha et al., 2008), other relevant targets for Pax3/7 in satellite cells have yet to be identified. To identify potential targets for Pax3/7 in satellite cells, we examined the transcriptional profile of genes induced by these transcription factors in the C2C12 muscle cell line. Of the genes identified, we found that a subset were also expressed in quiescent satellite cells and therefore they could potentially be direct targets of Pax7 in these cells. In this report, we focus on two such putative Pax3/7 transcriptional targets, inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) 2 and Id3, which we found to be expressed in quiescent satellite cells. We report that Pax3/7 can drive expression of both Id2 and Id3 in C2C12 cells under low serum conditions, that the Id3 promoter contains a conserved Pax3/7 binding site, and that Pax3/7 can activate expression of a reporter construct driven by the Id3 promoter. In addition, we demonstrate that Pax7 is normally bound to the Id3 promoter in quiescent satellite cells and that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of Pax7 expression in cultured satellite cells Abbreviations used: C1R, complement component 1 R subunit; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; CS...

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Somitic origin of limb muscle satellite and side population cells

Cited by 189 publications

References 46 publications

Building Muscle: Molecular Regulation of Myogenesis

Building Muscle: Molecular Regulation of Myogenesis

miR-195/497 induce postnatal quiescence of skeletal muscle stem cells

Id3 Is a Direct Transcriptional Target of Pax7 in Quiescent Satellite Cells

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