"Sometimes When I Hear the Winds Sigh": Mortality on the Overland Trail

Carter, Robert W.

doi:10.2307/25177489

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Beyond the basic labor needed to continue the movement westward, people on the trail encountered illness, injury, and death often (Bledsoe 1984;Carter 1995;Faragher and Stansell 1975;Olch 1985). Women, as the caretakers of children and husbands, would have been exposed to infectious disease frequently (Carter 1995). The Overland Trail was rampant with diseases like cholera, measles, and smallpox (Molen van Ee 2019).…”

Section: Describementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women also would have been tending to broken bones, violence-related injuries, and trying to avoid starvation during the leanest times (Levy 1990). Additionally, women would have themselves been at risk for all of these ailments as well as complications from childbirth in remote areas with few to no resources (Carter 1995;Molen van Ee 2019;Olch 1985). Patricia Molen van Ee (2019) summarizes much of what women experienced while traveling westward: "Women … experienced birth, miscarriages, and death; few females traveled outside of their family unit; there were hardships, deprivation, and continual exposure to extremes in tem-perature and weather conditions; and the women were expected to cook, wash the clothing, nurse the sick, and carry and tend to their children.…”

Section: Describementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Land of Opportunity: Bioarchaeological Perspectives of Women’s Lives in the Industrial Expansion into the Western UNITED STATES (1850–1915)

P. Anderson,

P. Harrod,

M. Baustian

2024

Int J Histor Archaeol

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Taking a bioarchaeological approach that puts human skeletal remains in context with historical records, we reconstruct the experiences of three women who lived in the West during the 1800s and early 1900s. Telling the stories of one woman from a homestead outside the city of Las Vegas, Nevada and two women recovered from a sand dune near Walters Ferry, Idaho, we offer insight into what life was like for those who ventured west in search of new identities and roles in developing industries. Our analysis includes documentation of pathological conditions, activity-related changes, and trauma in comparison to other historic cemetery samples from communities growing in this region. Through examination of the skeletal data from these diverse data sets, patterns emerge regarding the health profiles of these women. In particular, the results show that the pathological conditions observed on the three women from Nevada and Idaho align with those documented in the published literature and provide insight into their risk of morbidity and trauma.

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Section: Describementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Describementioning

confidence: 99%

The Land of Opportunity: Bioarchaeological Perspectives of Women’s Lives in the Industrial Expansion into the Western UNITED STATES (1850–1915)

P. Anderson,

P. Harrod,

M. Baustian

2024

Int J Histor Archaeol

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The Beginnings of Neurosurgery in California during the Pre-Cushing Era: 1850-1900

Keller

1998

Neurosurgery

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The end of the present millennium marks the centennial of Harvey Cushing's European study year, after the completion of his surgical residency under William Stewart Halsted at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and just before beginning his surgical practice in Baltimore, Maryland. The year 2000 marks the sesquicentennial of California's admission to the Union as the 31st state. This report documents a number of the events and achievements that occurred during this "pre-Cushing era" (1850-1900) that contributed to the ultimate development of neurological surgery in California. The historical milestones of the California gold rush, the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad across the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and the careers of early California physicians and educators, including those of Hugh Toland and Levi Cooper Lane, were instrumental in building a foundation for the modern discipline of neurosurgery in the Golden State. This foundation would serve as a cornerstone for surgeons trained by Harvey Cushing (including Howard Naffziger, Carl Rand, and Edward Towne) who would arrive in California early in the 20th century and would define the specialty of neurosurgery. The legacy left by these physicians enhances the celebration of the closure of the millennium.

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Writing the Trail

Lawrence¹

2009

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"Sometimes When I Hear the Winds Sigh": Mortality on the Overland Trail

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Land of Opportunity: Bioarchaeological Perspectives of Women’s Lives in the Industrial Expansion into the Western UNITED STATES (1850–1915)

The Land of Opportunity: Bioarchaeological Perspectives of Women’s Lives in the Industrial Expansion into the Western UNITED STATES (1850–1915)

The Beginnings of Neurosurgery in California during the Pre-Cushing Era: 1850-1900

Writing the Trail

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