Something New about Something Old: A 10-Year Follow-Up on Classical and New Psychoactive Tryptamines and Results of Analysis

Palma-Conesa, Álvaro José; Ventura, Montserrat Carbonell; Galindo, L.; Fonseca, Francina; Grifell, M.; Quintana, P.; Fornís, I.; Gil, Cristina; Farré, Magı́

doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1320732

Cited by 61 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4‐AcO‐DMT was the most commonly used tryptamine by participants, and this compound also appears to be among the most prevalent novel tryptamines in recent years (Palamar & Le, ; Palma‐Conesa et al, ). Although some participants felt the effects are comparable with those of DMT in high doses, the effects of more common (lower) doses were commonly compared with psilocybin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Palamar

Acosta

2020

Human Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The number of novel psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines has continued to increase, but little academic research has focused on the effects of these substances. We sought to determine and compare the subjective effects of various substances. Methods:We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 adults (75.4% male and 87.2% White) who reported experience using psychedelic phenethylamines and/or tryptamines. Participants described the effects of compounds they have used. We examined the subjective drug effects in a qualitative descriptive manner.Results: Participants reported on the use of 36 compounds. The majority (64.1%) reported the use of 2C series drugs, with 2C-B use being most prevalent; 38.5% reported the use of NBOMe, and 25.6% reported the use of DOx. With regard to tryptamines, 46.2% reported use, and 4-AcO-DMT was the most prevalent drug used in this class. 2C-B was often described as being more favorable than other 2C series compounds with the effects described as being comparable with MDMA and LSD. NBOMe effects were generally described in an unfavorable manner, and the effects of DOx were often described as lasting too long (12-36 hr). The effects of 4-AcO-DMT were often described as mimicking psilocybin.Conclusion: Knowing the effects of various compounds can inform education, prevention, and harm reduction efforts regarding the use of these drugs. K E Y W O R D Sdrug effects, new psychoactive substances, phenethylamines, psychedelics, tryptamines

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Palamar

Acosta

2020

Human Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The 2C-B pill content was previously analyzed by means of gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The method used permits to check for most common drugs of abuse including cocaine, MDMA, LSD, amphetamine and methamphetamine, heroin, 2C-B and other phenethylamines, DMT and other tryptamines, ketamine, psilocybin, salvinorin A, natural and synthetic cannabinoids, and most of the NPSs ( Caudevilla-Gálligo et al, 2012 ; González et al, 2015 ; Grifell et al, 2017 ; Palma-Conesa et al, 2017 ; Quintana et al, 2017 ). Participants were given a choice of three doses to choose from, 10, 15 or 20 mg 2C-B, based on their stated preference from previous experience.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Pharmacological Effects of 2C-B in Humans: An Observational Study

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine (2C-B) is a psychedelic phenylethylamine derivative, structurally similar to mescaline. It is a serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT2A), 5-hydroxytryptamine-2B (5-HT2B), and 5-hydroxytryptamine-2C (5-HT2C) receptor partial agonist used recreationally as a new psychoactive substance. It has been reported that 2C-B induces mild psychedelic effects, although its acute pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics have not yet been fully studied in humans. An observational study was conducted to assess the acute subjective and physiological effects, as well as pharmacokinetics of 2C-B. Sixteen healthy, experienced drug users self-administered an oral dose of 2C-B (10, 15, or 20 mg). Vital signs (blood pressure and heart rate) were measured at baseline 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours (h). Each participant completed subjective effects using three rating scales: the visual analog scale (VAS), the Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI), and the Evaluation of the Subjective Effects of Substances with Abuse Potential (VESSPA-SSE) at baseline, 2–3 and 6 h after self-administration (maximum effects along 6 h), and the Hallucinogenic Rating Scale (maximum effects along 6 h). Oral fluid (saliva) was collected to assess 2C-B and cortisol concentrations during 24 h. Acute administration of 2C-B increased blood pressure and heart rate. Scores of scales related to euphoria increased (high, liking, and stimulated), and changes in perceptions (distances, colors, shapes, and lights) and different body feelings/surrounding were produced. Mild hallucinating effects were described in five subjects. Maximum concentrations of 2C-B and cortisol were reached at 1 and 3 h after self-administration, respectively. Oral 2C-B at recreational doses induces a constellation of psychedelic/psychostimulant-like effects similar to those associated with serotonin-acting drugs.

show abstract

“…While synthetic versions of DMT and other psychedelic tryptamines such as α-methyltryptamine (AMT) also exist and have been used for over half a century, dozens of newer tryptamines have been discovered and continue to be discovered 1 , 6 . Indeed, it appears that many of these tryptamines (eg, 5-MeO-DMT, 4-AcO-DMT) have emerged or re-emerged in the recreational drug space as the next-generation drugs projected to grow in popularity alongside more common psychedelics such as LSD 7 , 8 …”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in DMT and other tryptamine use among young adults in the United States

Palamar

2018

American J Addict

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Objectives The popularity of tryptamines such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) appears to be increasing in the United States (US), but epidemiologic literature on prevalence of use is scant. This paper aims to determine trends in prevalence and correlates of past-year tryptamine use among a nationally representative sample of young adults in the US. Methods Participants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey were queried about past-year use of tryptamines—specifically DMT, α-methyltryptamine (AMT), and 5-MeO-DIPT (“Foxy”). Data were examined from young adults (ages 18–25), years 2007–2014 (N = 144,787). Linear trends in prevalence of past-year tryptamine use were examined in the full sample and stratified by specific demographic and drug use characteristics. Results Tryptamine use is rare, but increased from .2% in 2007/08 to .7% in 2013/14, a 273% relative increase (p < .001). While prevalence increased among all demographic groups, prevalence was substantially higher among individuals who use other drugs. In particular, between 2007/08 and 2013/14, prevalence of tryptamine use increased among past-year ecstasy users (from 2.1% to 10.0%) and LSD users (from 7.0% to 15.5%) (ps < .01). Prevalence of tryptamine use tended to be higher among lifetime and past-year users of psychedelic drugs compared to users of non-psychedelic drugs. Conclusion While tryptamine use is not prevalent in the general young adult population, prevalence is increasing. Users of various other drugs—particularly drugs with psychedelic effects—report higher prevalence of tryptamine use. Scientific Significance Users of other drugs can be targeted when disseminating information about tryptamines to ensure user safety. (Am J Addict 2018;27:578–585)

show abstract

Something New about Something Old: A 10-Year Follow-Up on Classical and New Psychoactive Tryptamines and Results of Analysis

Cited by 61 publications

References 31 publications

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Acute Pharmacological Effects of 2C-B in Humans: An Observational Study

Trends in DMT and other tryptamine use among young adults in the United States

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About