Something fishy in the rat brain: molecular genetics of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system

Murphy, David; Si-Hoe, San Ling; Brenner, Sydney; Venkatesh, Byrappa

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199809)20:9<741::aid-bies7>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A fascinating aspect of the Pufferfish model is the example of conservation of gene-regulatory elements between Fugu and rat (38). This report, and other examples cited above, illustrate that the Pufferfish can be exploited to efficiently isolate and express gene family members directly from genomic DNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Ligand Activation Domain of Human Orphan Growth Hormone (GH) Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R) Conserved from Pufferfish to Humans

Palyha¹,

Feighner²,

Tan³

et al. 2000

Molecular Endocrinology

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Synthetic ligands have been identified that reset and amplify the cycle of pulsatile GH secretion by interacting with the orphan GH-secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). The GHS-R is rhodopsin like, but does not obviously belong to any of the established G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subfamilies. We recently characterized the closely related orphan family member, GPR38, as the motilin receptor. A common property of both receptors is that they amplify and sustain pulsatile biological responses in the continued presence of their respective ligands. To efficiently identify additional members of this new GPCR family, we explored a vertebrate species having a compact genome, that was evolutionary distant from human, but where functionally important genes were likely to be conserved. Accordingly, three distinct full-length clones, encoding proteins of significant identity to the human GHS-R, were isolated from the Pufferfish (Spheroides nephelus). Southern analyses showed that the three cloned Pufferfish genes are highly conserved across species. The gene with closest identity (58%) was activated by three synthetic ligands that were chosen for their very high selectivity on the GHS-R as illustrated by their specificity in activating the wild-type human GHS-R but not the E124Q mutant. These results indicate that the ligand activation domain of the GHS-R has been evolutionary conserved from Pufferfish to human (400 million years), supporting the notion that the GHS-R and its natural ligand play a fundamentally important role in biology. Furthermore, they illustrate the power of exploiting the compact Pufferfish genome for simplifying the isolation of endocrinologically important receptor families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Ligand Activation Domain of Human Orphan Growth Hormone (GH) Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R) Conserved from Pufferfish to Humans

Palyha¹,

Feighner²,

Tan³

et al. 2000

Molecular Endocrinology

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“…the regulation of expression of mammalian hormones (Wierman et al, 1997;Murphy et al, 1998;Ramkumar and Adler, 1999) and Ddc (dopa decarboxylase) in Drosophila, which catalyzes the formation of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin (Johnson and Hirsh, 1990).…”

Section: Pou Gene Expression and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of POU, Sox, and Pax Genes in the Brain Ganglia of the Tropical Abalone Haliotis asinina

O‘Brien

Degnan

2000

Marine Biotechnology

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In gastropod mollusks, neuroendocrine cells in the anterior ganglia have been shown to regulate growth and reproduction. As a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these physiological processes in the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina, we have identified sets of POU, Sox, and Pax transcription factor genes that are expressed in these ganglia. Using highly degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed to anneal to conserved codons in each of these gene families, we have amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 2 POU genes (HasPOU-III and HasPOU-IV), 2 Sox genes (HasSox-B and HasSox-C), and two Pax genes (HasPax-258 and HasPax-6). Analyses with gene-specific primers indicated that the 6 genes are expressed in the cerebral and pleuropedal ganglia of both reproductively active and spent adults, in a number of sensory structures, and in a subset of other adult tissues.

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“…Therefore, the neurohypophysis can be regarded as a ventral extension of the diencephalon, as also reflected by its alternative name pars nervosa (Norris, 1997). The two neurohypophyseal hormones are Vasopressin (Vasotocin in fish) and Oxytocin (Isotocin in fish) (Murphy et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to make a teleost adenohypophysis: Molecular pathways of pituitary development in zebrafish

Pogoda

Hammerschmidt

2009

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Please cite this article as: Pogoda, H.-M., Hammerschmidt, M., How to make a Teleost Adenohypophysis: Molecular Pathways of Pituitary development in Zebrafish, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (2008), doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. In the past years, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful tool to elucidate the genetic networks controlling vertebrate development, behavior and disease. Based on mutants isolated in forward genetic screens and on gene knock-downs using morpholino oligonucleotide (oligo) antisense technology, our current understanding of the molecular machinery driving adenohypophyseal ontogeny could be considerably improved. In addition, comparative analyses have shed further light onto the evolution of this rather recently invented organ. The goal of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the genetic and molecular control of zebrafish pituitary development, with special focus on most recent findings, including some thus far unpublished data from our own laboratory on the transcription factor Six1. In addition, zebrafish data will be discussed in comparison with current understanding of adenohypophysis development in mouse.

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Something fishy in the rat brain: molecular genetics of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system

Cited by 35 publications

References 55 publications

Ligand Activation Domain of Human Orphan Growth Hormone (GH) Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R) Conserved from Pufferfish to Humans

Ligand Activation Domain of Human Orphan Growth Hormone (GH) Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R) Conserved from Pufferfish to Humans

Expression of POU, Sox, and Pax Genes in the Brain Ganglia of the Tropical Abalone Haliotis asinina

How to make a teleost adenohypophysis: Molecular pathways of pituitary development in zebrafish

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