Somebody help me, please?!” Interaction Design Framework for Needy Mobile Service Robots

Backhaus, Nils; Rosen, Patricia H.; Scheidig, Andrea; Groß, Horst–Michael; Wischniewski, Sascha

doi:10.1109/arso.2018.8625721

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In a previous study where goal transparency was not considered, compliance rates with a robot request were low as participants reported not to have understood the robot's behaviour [42]. In their interaction design framework for help-seeking robots, Backhaus and colleagues also recommend avoiding ambiguity when communicating a robot's request [43]. Therefore, in the present study the robot explained the task goal before posing the request.…”

Section: Human Conflict Resolution and Politeness Normsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Step Aside! VR-Based Evaluation of Adaptive Robot Conflict Resolution Strategies for Domestic Service Robots

Babel¹,

Vogt²,

Hock³

et al. 2022

Int J of Soc Robotics

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As domestic service robots become more prevalent and act autonomously, conflicts of interest between humans and robots become more likely. Hereby, the robot shall be able to negotiate with humans effectively and appropriately to fulfill its tasks. One promising approach could be the imitation of human conflict resolution behaviour and the use of persuasive requests. The presented study complements previous work by investigating combinations of assertive and polite request elements (appeal, showing benefit, command), which have been found to be effective in HRI. The conflict resolution strategies each contained two types of requests, the order of which was varied to either mimic or contradict human conflict resolution behaviour. The strategies were also adapted to the users’ compliance behaviour. If the participant complied after the first request, no second request was issued. In a virtual reality experiment ($$N = 57$$ N = 57 ) with two trials, six different strategies were evaluated regarding user compliance, robot acceptance, trust, and fear and compared to a control condition featuring no request elements. The experiment featured a human-robot goal conflict scenario concerning household tasks at home. The results show that in trial 1, strategies reflecting human politeness and conflict resolution norms were more accepted, polite, and trustworthier than strategies entailing a command. No differences were found for trial 2. Overall, compliance rates were comparable to human-human-requests. Compliance rates did not differ between strategies. The contribution is twofold: presenting an experimental paradigm to investigate a human-robot conflict scenario and providing a first step to developing acceptable robot conflict resolution strategies based on human behaviour.

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Section: Human Conflict Resolution and Politeness Normsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Step Aside! VR-Based Evaluation of Adaptive Robot Conflict Resolution Strategies for Domestic Service Robots

Babel¹,

Vogt²,

Hock³

et al. 2022

Int J of Soc Robotics

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show abstract

“…Defining compliance and reactance as behaviours limits this part of the model to evaluating human-robot interactions that allow for the definition of a compliant behaviour. As we applied the definitions of behavioural compliance and reactance to the societal acceptance of robots, and robots frequently need to address humans with requests and cues ( Backhaus et al, 2018 ), we consider the proposed model to be a viable extension to currently available research models for HRI. Another point of discussion is that compliance may occur for several underlying reasons that influence personal decision making which cannot be explained by observing behaviour, but require questioning participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, the robot’s social capacities need to be questioned. For example, its friendliness could be increased ( Backhaus et al, 2018 ), justifications for its requests could be considered ( Boos et al, 2020 ), or some other way should be found of convincing people that the robot is fulfilling a viable task and that it acts in a reciprocal manner ( Axelrod and Hamilton, 1981 ). Compliance rates can be assessed and compared on the basis of contextual, robot-specific, cultural, or other factors.…”

Section: Method—model Formalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compliance–Reactance Framework for Evaluating Human-Robot Interaction

et al. 2022

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When do we follow requests and recommendations and which ones do we choose not to comply with? This publication combines definitions of compliance and reactance as behaviours and as affective processes in one model for application to human-robot interaction. The framework comprises three steps: human perception, comprehension, and selection of an action following a cue given by a robot. The paper outlines the application of the model in different study settings such as controlled experiments that allow for the assessment of cognition as well as observational field studies that lack this possibility. Guidance for defining and measuring compliance and reactance is outlined and strategies for improving robot behaviour are derived for each step in the process model. Design recommendations for each step are condensed into three principles on information economy, adequacy, and transparency. In summary, we suggest that in order to maximise the probability of compliance with a cue and to avoid reactance, interaction designers should aim for a high probability of perception, a high probability of comprehension and prevent negative affect. Finally, an example application is presented that uses existing data from a laboratory experiment in combination with data collected in an online survey to outline how the model can be applied to evaluate a new technology or interaction strategy using the concepts of compliance and reactance as behaviours and affective constructs.

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“…While flashing light provokes peripheral visual attention, the color red typically indicates an error state [2] and green indicates a working system [25]. However, studies regarding the color red came to different conclusions and without green, it is not seen as an indicator for negativity [1,2]. The link between colors and emotions is rather heterogeneous [31].…”

Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can You Help Me?

Kopka

Krause

2021

Mensch Und Computer 2021

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Autonomous (cargo-)bikes offer many use cases, especially in urban areas. One challenge they have to face is their dependence on human assistance. This study examines the influence of light color, flashing rhythm, voices, a person's kindness and technological experience on helping behavior towards an autonomous cargo bike. An experiment with 233 participants was conducted. We found that technological experience and kindness had a positive influence on helping behavior, while light color, flashing rhythm and voice type did not have any influence. Our results imply that helping behavior towards an autonomous bicycle varies individually. However, an electronically generated voice should be used to make the vehicle appear autonomous, emphasize the absence of a human being and give clear instructions to promote helping behavior.

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Somebody help me, please?!” Interaction Design Framework for Needy Mobile Service Robots

Cited by 13 publications

References 72 publications

Step Aside! VR-Based Evaluation of Adaptive Robot Conflict Resolution Strategies for Domestic Service Robots

Step Aside! VR-Based Evaluation of Adaptive Robot Conflict Resolution Strategies for Domestic Service Robots

A Compliance–Reactance Framework for Evaluating Human-Robot Interaction

Can You Help Me?

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