Abstract. Henneguya pilosa sp. n., a new species of myxosporean from the gill filaments of the white piranha, Serrasalmus altuvei Ramirez, 1965 (Characidae), a freshwater teleost fish collected in the Zoological Garden of the city of Teresina (Piauí), Brazil, is described from light and transmission electron microscope observations. This myxosporean produced small plasmodia (up to 0.2 mm in diameter), each one containing all life-cycle stages of the parasite, including numerous spores. The spores, laterally compressed, averaged 54.2 (52.3-56.0) µm in total length and consisted of two unequal valves adhering together along the suture line and two caudal processes. The spore body measured 21.1 (20.0-23.1) µm in length, 5.9 (5.5-6.3) µm in width, and 2.2 (1.9-2.6) µm in thickness. The two equal ellipsoidal polar capsules of 7.4 (7.1-7.6) µm long and 1.2 (1.0-1.3) µm wide possessed a polar filament with 11-12 (rarely 13) turns. All surfaces of the spores were covered with a tightly adherent complex network of numerous densely ramified granulo-fibrillar masses, the longest measuring 1.5 µm long, observed around the caudal processes. The prevalence of infection was 30%. The taxonomic affinities of this parasite with other of the same genus in freshwater South American fish species are discussed.The class Myxosporea of the phylum Myxozoa contains numerous species, some of which are pathogens, parasitizing different fish organs and tissues (Lom 1989, Lom and Dyková 1992, Eiras 2002. Among the myxosporeans, the genus Henneguya Thélohan, 1892, which includes at least, 126 species (Lom and Dyková 1992), is one of the most important pathogens of freshwater and marine fishes. Although there are numerous detailed descriptions of species of the genus Henneguya from fishes of nearly all geographical areas, little is known about South American species, mainly the Brazilian species. These were recently listed with summarized original descriptions (Gioia and Cordeiro 1996), most of them only illustrated by light microscopical records and diagrammatic drawings of the mature spores (see Nemeczek 1926, Pinto 1928, Guimarães and Bergamin 1934, Jakowska and Nigrelli 1953, Walliker 1969, Cordeiro et al. 1984.Recently, in some Brazilian fish, mainly in the Amazonian fish, the ultrastructure of different life-cycle stages as well as other details leading to the spore identification of some Henneguya spp. have been reported (Cordeiro et al. 1984, Kent and Hoffman 1984, Azevedo and Matos 1989, 1995, 1996a, b, 2002, Rocha et al. 1992, Casal et al. 1997.In this paper, we describe light and electron microscopical data of some life-cycle stages, including spores of a new myxosporean species.
MATERIALS AND METHODSSpherical whitish cysts located in the gill filaments and surrounding host tissues bearing plasmodia were removed from 30 examined freshwater white piranha Serrasalmus altuvei Ramirez, 1965 (Characidae) (Brazilian common name "Piranha branca") (prevalence of 30%) collected in the Zoological Garden of the city of Teresina (Piauí, Northe...