Some Theoretical and Practical Points Regarding Unilateral Voluntary Winking

Danielson, Ralph W.; Ophth, Dip

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(32)90283-9

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Rider in 1889, W. Rider in 1898, and Danielson in 1932, were all of the opinion that 'men wink better than women' (Danielson, 1932). However, in the present work, both in the Polynesians and in the subjects of European stock, the winking ability of the male group was not significantly superior to that of the female one.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…The correlcition between voluntary winking and age, as revealed in the present work, is of interest, when the belief of Danielson (1932) is recalled that 'winking ability is determined in early childhood and persists throughout life much the same as handedness :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…So far as age is concerned, Duke-Elder (1952) was of the opinion that 'the habit' (winking) 'is usually acquired in early childhood '. Danielson (1932) used similar terms, stating ' I believe from my present work that the winking ability is determined in early childhood and persists throughout life much the same as handedness '. Changes in winking ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Voluntary unilateral winking was considered by Duke-Elder (1952) and by Danielson (1932) to be an act which is usually established early in life and which it is difficult to change. The ability to wink the eyes independently has been observed in 789 subjects, 527 of them being of European stock and 262 of Polynesian, the age range in both groups being from 3 years to over 25 years, and some associations have been observed of which no record has been found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten years earlier, C. Rider (1889) had reported that 30 females out of 180 could not wink, but only one male was unable to do so out of 120 examined. Danielson (1932) said 'I believe with the Riders that men wink better than women'. So far as age is concerned, Duke-Elder (1952) was of the opinion that 'the habit' (winking) 'is usually acquired in early childhood '.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development of Independent Muscular Control of Separate Eyelids in Two Racial Groups, European and Polynesian

Sutton¹

1958

British J of Psychology

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The ability to control separate eyelids independently ('the voluntary winking ability') is studied in 527 subjects of European stock and in 262 Polyneaians, with the following reaults: (1) In both group, there is a significant correlation between voluntary winking ability and age. (2) Winking ability of the males is not significantly greater than that of the females. (3) In children under 10 years of age, the incidence of non-winking is significantly higher than in the remaining subjects. (4) In the European group, but not in the Polynesian, the incidence of those who could wink both eyea readily and with approximately equal facility is significantly lower in those who are 10 years and under, than in subjecta over 10. (5) In those subjects of European stock who could wink one eye only or could wink one eye more eaaily than the other, a preponderance of the use of the left eye for winking is found. This is mainly due to the preference for winking the left eye which is seen in those who are under 10 years. However, in the Polynesians there is no significant difference between the frequency of winking each eye.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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