Some Techniques for Reducing Landslide Hazards

Kockelman, William J.

doi:10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiii.1.29

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Transferring scientific information to non-technicians and administrators is not, on the other hand, a simple matter: much effort has to be made in order to keep maps and accompanying reports as simple as possible, at the same time without losing the scientific basis on which they are based. Simplicity of the maps, and ready comprehension of their content by those people charged with the management of the territory (administrators, politicians, land use planners) are, therefore, mandatory steps in the mitigation of the risk related to slope movements, and one of the first actions in the strategy for reducing the landslide hazard (Kockelman, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide hazard zonation of slopes susceptible to rock falls and topples

Parise

2002

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A landslide hazard zonation is a division of the land surface into areas, and the relative ranking of these areas according to degrees of actual or potential hazard from landslides on slopes. Zonation from scientific research does not generally imply legal restrictions, but can be useful to those people who are charged with the land management, by providing them with information that is indispensable for planning and regulation purposes. This paper presents a zonation of rock slopes in carbonate mountains on the boundary to the east of the valley of the Sele River (Campania, southern Apennines of Italy). The mountains are severely affected by rock falls and topples, and the related hazard is, therefore, very high; the presence of inhabited areas (the towns of Valva, Colliano and Collianello) and other human infrastructures at the slope foothills make these phenomena extremely dangerous to the anthropogenic environment. The area is highly seismic, as experienced on the occasion of several moderate to strong earthquakes that have hit this sector of the Apennines. According to the zonation proposed here, the ridge of Mount Valva and Mount Marzano is subdivided into four main areas on the basis of the processes which take place in the different sectors of the mountains: the source area, the talus slope, the rock-fall shadow (where scattered outlying boulders are present), and the safe area (outside of the reach of fallen blocks).The four sectors were identified through air-photo interpretation and detailed field surveys, aimed in particular at characterizing and interpreting the main rock mass joint patterns, and their relative orientation with respect to the local slope direction. Geological, morphological and structural analyses permitted one to evaluate and classify those parts of the slope that are more susceptible to detachment of rocks, and to identify the more diffuse types of failure. Due to high seismicity of the study area, particular attention was given to the evaluation of the seismic susceptibility to rock falls, by applying two methods recently proposed in literature. Results from this phase of the study were then integrated by adCorrespondence to: M. Parise (cerimp06@area.ba.cnr.it) ditional information from historical research on slope movements occurred previously in the area.The landslide hazard zonation, shown on large-scale cartography, could be compared to maps depicting the distribution and typology of the anthropogenic activities, and thus constitutes a useful tool for administrators and planners, in order to evaluate the hazards related to slope movements, and the vulnerability of settlements, roads, and other manmade infrastructures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide hazard zonation of slopes susceptible to rock falls and topples

Parise

2002

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, damage costs tend to vary considerably over both short and long periods of time (Hays, 1981). Direct costs tend to be proportional to the seriousness of damage to structures or the urban fabric, and indirect costs (which may exceed direct costs substantially) includes loss of tax revenue on damaged or devalued property, loss of productive land or installations, and loss of transportation and communications (Kockelman, 1986;Schuster and Fleming, 1986).…”

Section: Economic Impact: Landslide Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from engineering methods, 'loss reduction techniques' include offering tax benefits, loan management, direct landuse control, discontinuing non-conforming landuses, removing at-risk development, creating policies for government real estate, for public companies, and so on, implementing building and grading codes, enacting rebuilding moratoria, requiring full-scale insurance and acquiring and disseminating information (Kockelman, 1986).…”

Section: Economic Impact: Landslide Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at Yale University Library on June 30, 2015 ppg.sagepub.com Downloaded from Kockelman (1986) rightly pointed out that landslide hazards violate the basic principle of insurance: the risk to property is not randomly distributed among potential insurees, and people who own property on flat land have no interest in purchasing insurance against slope failure. The New Zealand government has managed to integrate landslide insurance with that for fire, earthquake and war damage (O'Riordan, 1971), but neither the United States federal government nor private insurance industries in America have followed suit, owing to the expensive impact of major urban landslide disasters (the Portuguese Bend landslide in the Palos Verdes Hills of California, for example, caused more than $10 million of damage to buildings and roads over the period 1956-69; Hays, 1981).…”

Section: Economic Impact: Landslide Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Urban landslides

Alexander

1989

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper examines the causes and consequences of geological mass movements in urban areas. Casualty patterns and the economic impact of urban landslides are assessed. Techniques of mitigating the hazard are described and reviewed, including landslide susceptibility mapping and risk zonation. Problems of providing insurance against mass movement damage to property are discussed. The role and shortcomings of geological consultancy as an ingredient of hazard mitigation are described, and methods of assessing the impact of landslides are reviewed. A revised landslide damage intensity scale is presented, together with a standard symbology for depicting the damage to buildings and their foundations. An example of a damaged settlement in the Marche region of central Italy is then presented. It is shown that examination of architectural damage can yield information about the type and morphology of the underlying movement. An example of a landslide damage intensity map is presented.

show abstract

“…These risk values have been classified in to five categories, such as very high, high, moderate, low and very low (Kockelman 1986). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative risk assessment schemes using selected parameters for hillslope developments: a case study of Penang Island

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Development of hilly areas requiring deforestation and increased human activities has raised many environmental issues in the world. This paper presents the results of investigation to assess the parameters that contribute to the risk to environment by reviewing available reports from Penang Island and surrounding areas. Nine parameters were identified that mostly contribute to the environmental risk. These are casualties of people, soil properties, earth coverage, soil grading characteristics, land use suitability, factor of safety, blasting area, distance between proposed structure to slope and geometry of slope. From these parameters, the rated risk approaches were proposed based on the prediction of occurrences of environmental issues. The rated risks were categorised from very high (5) to very low (1) with high, medium and low in between. The assessments were reviewed and evaluated based on rated risk for the chosen parameters. A map was developed identifying areas of environmental risk. The map can be used to quantify risk to the environment based on the parameters due to the proposed development. The overall result shows that areas PD3 of Tanjung Bungah and PD3, PD8 and PD9 of Paya Terubong have high-rated risk. No development area is classified as very high risk and very low-risk areas. These rating approaches can be used to develop potential risk zoning of proposed development areas. From this zoning guideline or standard, the viability of any proposed development can be measured.

show abstract

Some Techniques for Reducing Landslide Hazards

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Landslide hazard zonation of slopes susceptible to rock falls and topples

Landslide hazard zonation of slopes susceptible to rock falls and topples

Urban landslides

Qualitative risk assessment schemes using selected parameters for hillslope developments: a case study of Penang Island

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About